December in Florida is a unique time for gardeners. While many parts of the United States are experiencing frost and snow, Florida enjoys milder temperatures, making it an ideal time for gardening activities. Whether you’re an experienced gardener or just starting, there’s plenty you can do to keep your landscape thriving and ready for the new year.
Understanding Florida’s December Climate
Before diving into specific gardening tasks, it’s essential to understand the climate conditions in Florida during December. Depending on the region, Florida experiences mild temperatures that typically range from the mid-50s at night to the low 70s during the day. The southern areas, such as Miami, can be warmer, while northern regions might be a bit cooler.
Humidity levels drop in December, and while it’s still relatively dry, occasional rainfall may occur. This climate allows for a variety of gardening activities, including planting, pruning, and prepping your garden for the coming months.
Seasonal Gardening Tasks
Below is an in-depth look at various gardening tasks you can accomplish in December.
1. Planting
a. Cool-Season Vegetables
December is an excellent time to plant cool-season vegetables. Some successful crops include:
Lettuce: Varieties like Butterhead, Romaine, and Leaf lettuce can thrive.
Spinach: This hardy green is a great addition to winter salads.
Broccoli & Cauliflower: Start these seedlings for a nutrient-rich harvest.
Carrots and Radishes: Both can be sown from seed and will thrive in the cooler weather.
b. Herbs
Herbs such as cilantro, parsley, and dill grow well in cooler temperatures. Consider planting these in pots or garden beds where they can benefit from full sunlight.
c. Perennials and Bulbs
December is also a great time to plant perennials and spring-flowering bulbs:
Perennials: Consider adding native plants like black-eyed Susans and coneflowers. These plants will establish roots over the winter and be ready to bloom in spring.
Bulbs: Amaryllis and paperwhite bulbs can be planted for stunning blooms in the upcoming months. They do well indoors or on a protected patio.
2. Pruning and Maintaining Plants
a. Roses
This season is perfect for removing dead or diseased canes from rose bushes. Prune back hard by about one-third to encourage new growth in the spring and help maintain their shape.
b. Fruit Trees
December is the ideal time for light pruning of fruit trees like citrus and avocado. Remove any dead or crossing branches to promote good air circulation and light penetration, which are crucial for healthy fruit.
c. Perennials and Shrubs
Cut back spent flowers and any damaged foliage from perennials and shrubs. This will not only tidy up the garden but can also promote healthier growth in the upcoming spring.
3. Lawn Care
a. Fertilizing
December is a good time to apply a slow-release fertilizer to your lawn. Opt for a fertilizer high in nitrogen to promote a thick green lawn. Be mindful of the application rate; follow manufacturer instructions to prevent over-fertilization that can harm your grass.
b. Aeration
If your lawn is compacted, aerating it in December can improve drainage and promote healthier grass growth. Consider using a core aerator to allow nutrients and air to penetrate the soil better.
c. Overseeding
For those with Bermuda grass lawns, overseeding with ryegrass can provide a lush green appearance through the cooler months. This practice is particularly useful for homeowners looking to maintain a green lawn during the winter.
4. Pest Control and Monitoring
a. Pest Inspection
With cooler temperatures, many pests become less active, but some can still cause trouble. Inspect your plants regularly for signs of pests like aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites.
b. Organic Pest Control
Utilize organic pest control methods where possible. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can help control mild infestations without harsh chemicals. Remember to check for beneficial insects that can help manage pest populations naturally.
5. Mulching
Adding a layer of mulch to garden beds is vital in December. Mulch helps conserve soil moisture, regulates soil temperature, and minimizes weed growth. Use organic materials like pine bark, straw, or shredded leaves. Aim for a thickness of 2-4 inches for optimal benefits.
6. Preparing for the Cold
a. Managing Cold-Weather Perennials
While Florida does not experience harsh winters like other parts of the country, temperatures can occasionally dip below freezing. Consider covering sensitive plants with frost cloth or blankets during cold snaps to protect them from frostbite.
b. Relocating Container Plants
For plants in pots, bring them closer to the house or into a garage if temperatures drop drastically. This action can safeguard them from the cold and ensure they remain healthy throughout the winter months.
c. Insulating Exposed Roots
For plants that are more susceptible to cold, consider adding mulch or straw around the base to insulate the roots. This will help maintain a consistent soil temperature and protect them from sudden temperature fluctuations.
7. Planning and Designing
a. Garden Layout for the Upcoming Year
December is an ideal time to reflect on your garden from the past growing season. Take notes on what worked well and what didn’t, and sketch a layout for the upcoming season. Consider crop rotation if you’re growing vegetables, as this practice helps prevent soil nutrient depletion and pest buildup.
b. Sowing Seeds Indoors
If you’re excited about spring planting, consider starting seeds indoors for later transplanting. Vegetables like tomatoes and peppers can be started indoors in December for a head start. Use seed trays with a quality potting mix, and ensure they have plenty of light, either from a sunny window or grow lights.
c. Research New Varieties
Take this time to research and experiment with new plant varieties. Whether you’re considering flowers, vegetables, or herbs, look into plants that flourish in Florida’s unique climate. Local gardening groups and online forums can provide inspiration and advice based on regional successes.
8. Wildlife and Pollinator Support
a. Bird Feeders and Homes
As temperatures drop, wildlife will be seeking food and shelter. Consider putting up bird feeders filled with seeds to attract local bird species. This not only provides nourishment for the birds but also allows you to enjoy wildlife activity in your garden.
b. Pollinator Gardens
Encourage pollinators by planting native blooms that attract butterflies and bees. Plants like milkweed, zinnias, and Florida native wildflowers can support these essential creatures. Providing diverse flowering plants will ensure that pollinators have food sources throughout the blooming season.
9. Harvesting and Enjoying Your Bounty
a. Seasonal Harvests
Many fall-planted crops will be ready to harvest in December. Enjoy the fruits of your labor by incorporating fresh vegetables into your meals. Florida’s local farmers’ markets also begin to flourish this time of year, offering a bounty of fresh produce.
b. Preserving
With the abundance of ripe produce, consider preserving excess fruits and vegetables through canning, freezing, or making jams and jellies. This is a wonderful way to enjoy garden-fresh flavors well into the winter months.
10. Community Gardening and Education
a. Join Local Gardening Clubs
Take advantage of the milder weather by engaging with local gardening clubs or community gardens. These groups can provide valuable insights into successful gardening practices and introduce you to local plant swaps and events.
b. Attend Workshops and Festivals
December also offers various gardening workshops and festivals across Florida that focus on sustainable gardening, native plants, and more. Look for events that promote education and community involvement in gardening. This is a great way to connect with other gardening enthusiasts and learn new techniques.
Final Thoughts
Gardening in December in Florida offers an incredible opportunity to prepare for the upcoming growing season, nurture current plants, and enjoy the natural beauty that surrounds you. Whether you’re planting cool-season vegetables, tending to your ornamental plants, or planning for the future, there’s no shortage of activities to keep you busy and engaged in your garden.
Take advantage of the mild temperatures, embrace the beauty of the season, and set the stage for a thriving garden come spring. By following these tips, you will not only enhance your outdoor space but also cultivate a richer connection to nature in your community. Remember, gardening is a journey—a way to learn, grow, and embrace the ever-changing cycles of nature.
