This guide will explore a variety of options that can thrive in the different across the UK, ensuring that your garden remains vibrant and productive even in the cooler months.

Vegetables To Plant

October is a great time to plant cool-season vegetables that can withstand lower temperatures and are often more flavorful when harvested after a frost.

Garlic

Garlic thrives in cooler weather and is easy to grow. Ideal for planting in October, it requires a well-drained soil rich in organic matter. The bulbs should be planted approximately 2-4 inches deep, with 6 inches between each clove. In the UK, November frost might occur, but garlic can tolerate temperatures as low as -5°C (23°F). Planting in October ensures that the bulbs establish roots and are ready for a vigorous growth spurt come spring.

Onions

Onions can be sown in October, especially in milder regions such as the South and Southwest of England. Choose sets or seeds for overwintering varieties, which will develop into robust crops by June. Plant them 2-3 inches deep, keeping about 6 inches apart. Onion sets planted this time of year can withstand temperatures as low as -5°C, cultivating a stronger bulb than those sown in spring.

Broad Beans

Broad beans are another excellent choice for October planting. This hardy crop can tolerate frost and will germinate in cool soil. Sow seeds about 5-7 cm (2-3 inches) deep, spaced approximately 20 cm (8 inches) apart. This allows for a healthy crop that can be harvested early in summer. Regions in the southeast are particularly favorable for this crop.

Winter Lettuce

Winter hardy varieties of lettuce can be sown directly in the ground to enjoy fresh greens throughout the winter months. These lettuces can tolerate temperatures down to -4°C (25°F) with some protection. Space the seeds 30 cm (12 inches) apart in rows. Use cloches or fleece to shield young plants from extreme frost.

Spinach

Spinach is very hardy, and October is a good time to plant for an early spring harvest. This leafy green not only tolerates frost down to -7°C (19°F) but can also be grown under cloches for protection. Sow seeds about 2 cm deep, 10-15 cm apart. The key to growing spinach is consistent moisture, so ensure they are watered adequately.

Kale

Kale is exceptionally frost-resistant and becomes sweeter after exposure to cold weather. Plant seeds or young plants about 45 cm (18 inches) apart in well-drained soil. This annual can tolerate temperatures as low as -12°C (10°F) and is a great addition to both your garden and your winter meals.

radishes

Radishes are quick-growing and can be planted in October for a late harvest. These vegetables prefer cooler temperatures and can be sown directly in the soil. Plant seeds about 1 cm deep, spaced 2.5 cm apart. They will germinate in cooler temperatures as low as 10°C (50°F). Harvesting can be done within two to four weeks, making them perfect for early winter cropping.

Carrots

October is the perfect time to sow hardy carrot varieties for overwintering. These can be directly sown into well-drained soil and covered lightly. Carrots can withstand temperatures down to -5°C (23°F), allowing them to mature in cooler conditions. Ensure that the planting depth is about 1-2 cm, and thin them out to about 5 cm apart for optimal growth.

Swiss Chard

Swiss chard is another frost-tolerant leafy green that can be planted in October. Plant seeds approximately 2 cm deep, and space them out at 30 cm (12 inches) apart. Known for its vibrant colors, Swiss chard can handle cold temperatures down to -5°C (23°F) and can be harvested through milder winters, providing a splash of color to your garden.

Flowers To Plant

While many flowering plants may begin to fade in October, plenty of options can still bring color and interest to your garden. Autumn is a great time to plant certain hardy annuals, perennials, and bulbs.

Winter Aconite

Winter Aconite (Eranthis hyemalis) is one of the first flowers to bloom in spring. Plant these tubers in October for a lovely show of yellow blooms. They thrive in well-draining soil and require partial shade. The bulbs can withstand freezing temperatures, sprouting as early as February, even under a layer of snow.

Snowdrops

Planting Snowdrop bulbs in October allows them to establish roots before winter sets in. These delicate, white flowers are usually the harbinger of spring and can endure frost without damage. For best results, plant the bulbs 5 cm deep in well-draining, moist soil.

Crocus

Crocus bulbs are perfect for October planting and will provide vibrant blooms in early spring. These small bulbs enjoy well-drained soil and need full sun to thrive. Plant them 5-10 cm deep, spacing them apart by about 10 cm. Resistant to frost, they often bloom even through light snow.

Hellebore

Hellebores are winter perennials that can be planted in October, offering interest during the cold months with their unique blooms. Choose varieties that thrive in partial shade with good drainage. Their roots develop well in cooler weather, and some can even bloom as early as January.

Sweet William

Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus) is a biennial that can be planted in October for an early summer display. These flowers thrive in well-drained soil and full sun. They are hardy down to -10°C (14°F) when planted in the ground, offering vibrant colors and a sweet fragrance.

Pansies

October is an excellent time to plant pansies as they can bloom throughout the winter and early spring. Their bright colors can add cheer to any garden during cooler months. Pansies prefer well-drained soil and can tolerate frost, thriving best in full sun or partial shade.

Primrose

Primroses are hardy perennials that can be planted in October to provide early spring blooms. They prefer rich, well-drained soil and shaded areas. Primroses can endure temperatures as low as -10°C (14°F) and will add lovely color to the garden when most other plants are still dormant.

Viola

Viola is another charming flower suitable for planting in October. These small, colorful plants will continue to bloom even in cooler temperatures. They prefer partially shaded areas but will grow well in full sun. Plant them in well-drained soil and watch as they brighten your garden through winter.

Winter Jasmine

Winter Jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum) is a hardy plant that can be planted in October. This deciduous shrub produces cheerful yellow flowers in late winter. It requires well-drained soil and thrives best in full sun. Once established, it can tolerate colder temperatures and enriches the garden landscape.

Cyclamen

Cyclamen are beautiful, hardy perennials that can also be planted in October. Known for their delicate flowers and attractive foliage, they are well-suited for shaded areas. Plant them in moist, well-draining soil and watch as they bring life to your garden through the winter months.

Herbs To Plant

Herbs can add flavor to your culinary creations and a touch of greenery to your garden. October is still a good time to plant hardy herbs that can thrive through the colder months.

Garlic Chives

These robust herbs are perfect for planting in October and can thrive even in frost. Garlic chives prefer well-draining soil with full sun. They require about 30 cm (12 inches) of space and can be harvested throughout the winter, adding a mild garlic flavor to dishes.

Thyme

Thyme is another herb that flourishes in cooler temperatures. Plant in well-draining soil with plenty of sunlight, and ensure there is adequate spacing, around 30 cm (12 inches) apart. It can tolerate light frost and helps enhance flavors in numerous dishes.

Sage

Sage is a hardy perennial and can be planted in October in many regions. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil. While it can withstand frigid temperatures, protect young plants with cloches if temperatures drop significantly. Its aromatic leaves are perfect for autumnal cooking.

Rosemary

While rosemary is typically more sensitive to cold, some hardier varieties can be planted in October with protection. Ensure it’s in a well-drained location with plenty of sunlight. Mulch at the base will help shield it from frost until the roots are well established.

Winter Savory

Winter savory is another herb that can be sown in October. It prefers well-drained soil and full sunlight. This herb can endure cold temperatures down to -5°C (23°F) and will provide flavor for winter stews and dishes.

Mint

While mint can be sensitive to frost, planting it in October can lead to an early spring harvest. It’s best to plant it in containers to prevent spreading. When protecting young plants, mulch can help retain warmth, and mint will continue to thrive in cooler conditions.

Chervil

Chervil is an annual herb that does well in cooler temperatures. It can be sown in October, preferring partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. Chervil can handle light frost and adds a delicate flavor to salads and soups.

Dill

While dill typically prefers warmer weather, late October sowing can yield mature crops come spring. It’s best grown in sunlit areas with well-drained soil. Protect young plants from frost as much as possible to encourage growth through winter.

Parsley

Hardy varieties of parsley can be planted in October, preferring well-aerated, fertile soil with sunshine or partial shade. With a bit of frost tolerance, parsley will provide fresh leaves through winter for use in many dishes, creating flavor-packed meals despite the colder months.

Coriander

Coriander can be sown in October if conditions are mild. This herb prefers well-draining soil and full sunlight, making it a vibrant addition to winter recipes. While it may risk frost damage, young seeds can survive light frost with some protection.

Landscape Plants To Plant In October

Choosing the right landscape plants for October can set the stage for a thriving garden come spring. Focus on hardy perennials and shrubs that will enhance your outdoor space.

Pansy Plants

Pansies can also be viewed as landscape plants due to their ability to add vibrant splashes of color to borders and beds during the cooler months. Plant pansies in well-prepared soil, ensuring they are spaced about 15-20 cm (6-8 inches) apart. Their ability to withstand frost will keep your landscape lively throughout winter.

Sedum

Sedum, or stonecrop, is a drought-resistant succulent that thrives in cooler conditions. October is a good time to plant sedum, particularly in well-drained areas of a garden bed. Its fleshy leaves hold moisture, making it a low-maintenance addition for winter interest, even under frost.

Periwinkle

Periwinkle (Vinca minor) is a hardy ground cover perfect for planting in October. Tolerating shade and well-drained soil, this plant will support erosion control and provide beautiful blue flowers in the spring. With winter protection, it can thrive in cold temperatures without damage.

Winterberry Holly

Winterberry holly (Ilex verticillata) is perfect for adding structure and seasonal interest to any landscape. Its bright red berries provide beauty during the winter months. Plant it in well-drained, nutrient-rich soil, and it will flourish in various temperature conditions, with proper care and moisture.

Leyland Cypress

Leyland cypress trees can be planted in October to create instant greenery in your landscape. They thrive in well-drained soils and are excellent for creating privacy screens or windbreaks. These hardy conifers can withstand colder temperatures and grow rapidly, making them a popular landscaping choice.

Japanese Anemone

Japanese anemones are late-blooming perennials that add charm to gardens. Plant in well-drained soil with some shade and provide winter protection to establish roots effectively. With their elegant blooms, they help enhance garden aesthetics even during the cooler months.

Yew

Yews are ornamental conifers that grow well in various soil types, making them an ideal landscape plant for October. They tolerate colder temperatures and can be pruned to maintain desired shapes. Plant them for low-maintenance hedges or accents throughout your garden.

Hellebore

Hellebore (Christmas rose) is another perennial that can be planted in October. With its unique, early spring flowers, it thrives in shaded areas, adding charm to darker spots in the garden. These plants withstand colder temperatures and are valued for their long-lasting blooms in late winter.

Coral Bells

Coral bells (Heuchera) are ideal for adding color and texture to your landscape throughout the year. With tough foliage that can handle frost, plant them in well-drained soil with a semi-shade or sun location. They will flourish in various temperature conditions, providing interest during the winter.

Foxglove

Foxglove (Digitalis) can also be planted in October to prepare for a spectacular summer bloom. It thrives in well-drained soil and partial shade, making it a perfect choice for woodland gardens. This hardy plant can withstand frost, providing stunning spikes of flowers when summer arrives.