In this guide, we’ll dig into a variety of options suitable for planting in November based on USDA zones, highlighting their unique characteristics, temperature tolerances, and optimal planting strategies.
Vegetables To Plant
Planting vegetables in November requires a keen awareness of your local climate, as the temperatures start to drop significantly in many areas. Below are ten vegetables that can be planted in November based on their hardiness and suitability for different USDA zones.
Garlic
USDA Zones: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: -20°F to 90°F
Garlic is an excellent option for November planting. It thrives in well-drained, enriched soil and should be planted about 2 inches deep. It benefits from the cold winter months, which helps in developing its flavor and bolstering its growth when spring arrives. When planting, ensure you use individual cloves, and remember that hardneck varieties tend to perform better in colder climates.
Spinach
USDA Zones: 3-10
Temperature Tolerance: 15°F to 75°F
Spinach is a hardy leafy green that can withstand frost. Its fast-growing nature allows you to harvest fresh leaves even in late fall or early spring. When planting in November, look for varieties that are known for their cold tolerance, such as ‘Winter Bloomsdale’. Spinach prefers full sun, though it can benefit from some shade as temperatures begin to rise.
Kale
USDA Zones: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 70°F
Kale is incredibly versatile and resilient, making it perfect for November planting. Not only does it tolerate frost, but the cold weather can actually enhance its sweet flavor. Plant kale seeds approximately ½ inch deep, and ensure a sunny spot for optimal growth. Some varieties, like ‘Lacinato’, are particularly well-suited for cooler temperatures.
Carrots
USDA Zones: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 75°F
Carrots can be sown as late as November in many regions. When planted, they should be spaced adequately to allow for root development. A light straw mulch can insulate the soil and protect the seeds from frost. Keep in mind that some varieties, such as ‘Nantes’, are particularly robust in cooler soil conditions.
Lettuce
USDA Zones: 4-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 70°F
Cool-season varieties of lettuce can be planted in November, especially in milder climates. Look for types such as ‘Butterhead’ or ‘Romaine’, which can withstand light frosts. Seedlings can be sown directly into well-prepared soil about ¼ inch deep. A cold frame can also help extend their growth period through the chilly months.
Broccoli
USDA Zones: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Broccoli can be a great addition to your November garden. This cruciferous vegetable is cold-tolerant and can survive light frost, making it a suitable candidate for fall planting. Seeds should be started indoors if the climate is particularly harsh, or sown directly outside in well-drained soil. Early hybrids often perform well in cooler conditions.
Peas
USDA Zones: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 15°F to 70°F
November is an excellent time for overwintering peas, which will be ready to harvest in early spring. Providing some protection with mulch can help insulate them against harsher temperatures. Plant them in well-aerated soil approximately 1 inch deep. Varieties like ‘Sugar Snap’ or ‘Snow Peas’ thrive during this time.
Onions
USDA Zones: 4-9
Temperature Tolerance: 25°F to 75°F
Onions can be planted in November using sets or seeds, depending on your region. They require well-draining soil and need space between plants to develop properly. Late fall onions can help achieve an early harvest in spring, particularly in milder climates. Make sure to cover them lightly with mulch to prevent frost damage.
Swiss Chard
USDA Zones: 4-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Similar to kale, Swiss chard is quite flexible when it comes to temperature. It can be sown in November, ensuring the soil is rich in organic matter. Plant seeds about ½ inch deep. Swiss chard not only tolerates frost but improves in flavor when exposed to colder weather.
Radishes
USDA Zones: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Radishes are incredibly fast-growing and can be sown as late as November. They prefer well-drained soil and can push through a light frost, which will not affect their flavor. Varieties like ‘Daikon’ or ‘French Breakfast’ are especially popular and can be harvested within weeks of planting, making them an ideal choice for late-season gardening.
Flowers To Plant
November offers an opportunity to plant certain flowers that can thrive in cooler conditions and even benefit from a little frost. Here are ten flowers that you may consider planting this month.
Pansies
USDA Zones: 6-10
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Pansies are famous for their vibrant colors and hardy nature. They can bloom in the cooler months, offering bursts of color even in late autumn. Plant these cheerful flowers in well-drained soil and keep them evenly moist for the best results. Pansies might need a little protection in extremely cold areas, so consider using mulch.
Violas
USDA Zones: 6-11
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Violas are closely related to pansies and share similar planting conditions. These resilient plants can withstand frost and bloom through the winter months with the right care. They prefer well-drained, slightly acidic soil, and their compact growing habit makes them ideal for borders or containers.
Snapdragons
USDA Zones: 7-10
Temperature Tolerance: 30°F to 85°F
Snapdragons are perfect for adding vertical interest to any garden. You can plant them in well-amended soil during November, where they can survive the chill and burst into bloom come spring. Ensure they are placed in a location with plenty of sunlight for best growth.
Ornamental Cabbage
USDA Zones: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: -20°F to 75°F
Ornamental cabbage adds a striking visual appeal to gardens and landscapes. It can withstand freezing temperatures, and its vibrant colors become more pronounced after a frost. Plant in well-drained soil with plenty of sunlight, using these hardy plants as decorative feasts for the eyes through the winter months.
Winter Jasmine
USDA Zones: 6-10
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Winter jasmine is a delightful shrub that can produce cheerful yellow flowers in late winter, offering a contrast to the stark winter landscape. It is a hardy plant that can be established in November, preferably in well-drained soil where it can receive full sun.
Hellebores
USDA Zones: 4-9
Temperature Tolerance: -20°F to 75°F
Hellebores, also known as Lenten roses, are perennial favorites that bloom as early as late winter. They are very cold-tolerant and can be planted in November without concern. Planting in shaded areas with well-draining soil helps them thrive, and they bloom in various color combinations that capture attention.
Cyclamen
USDA Zones: 6-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 75°F
Cyclamen are unique, attractive flowers that can handle cooler temperatures. Plant them in a well-draining area with adequate shading. They will flourish in damp but not soggy conditions, producing cheerful blooms through the winter.
Sweet Alyssum
USDA Zones: 5-10
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 85°F
Sweet alyssum is a hardy annual that can continue blooming in cooler conditions. Sown directly into the soil, they quickly germinate and provide fragrant flowers even during chilly months. They thrive in sunny locations and prefer well-drained soil.
Heliotrope
USDA Zones: 10-11
Temperature Tolerance: 30°F to 90°F
Heliotrope is a delightful flowering plant that thrives in warmer regions. If the climate permits, you can plant this perennial in November, where it can establish roots before the colder months. Its fragrance attracts pollinators, making it a great addition to any garden.
Camellias
USDA Zones: 7-9
Temperature Tolerance: 25°F to 75°F
Camellias are stunning evergreen shrubs blooming in winter when most other plants are dormant. Plant the root ball at the same depth as it was in the pot in a well-draining, acidic soil. They need some shade and can flourish even when temperatures dip, bringing beauty to gardens in the off-season.
Herbs To Plant
Herbs can be surprisingly resilient, and several varieties can be planted in November to keep the garden fresh and flavorful. Here are ten herbs to consider for your November planting endeavors.
Thyme
USDA Zones: 4-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Thyme is a hardy herb that can thrive in cooler temperatures. Plant it in well-draining soil and in areas that receive full sun. It requires minimal care once established and can even survive short periods of frost, making it perfect for late fall planting.
Oregano
USDA Zones: 5-10
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Oregano is another hardy herb that can be planted in November, especially in mild climates. This perennial herb enjoys well-drained soil and a sunny spot. Its robust flavor enhances numerous dishes and it becomes more aromatic as it’s exposed to cold weather.
Chives
USDA Zones: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Chives are exceptionally hardy and can be planted in November. They prefer well-draining soil and full sun. Once established, they can tolerate frost and continue providing fresh greens year-round. Their mild onion flavor makes them versatile in a variety of culinary applications.
Parsley
USDA Zones: 4-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 70°F
Flat-leaf or curly parsley can both be planted in November, especially in regions where winters are milder. It requires a rich soil and regular moisture. Parsley is biennial, meaning if it survives the winter, it can continue growing for a second year, allowing for extended harvests.
Cilantro
USDA Zones: 2-11
Temperature Tolerance: 15°F to 75°F
Cilantro is a fast-growing herb that can handle cooler temperatures. It can be directly sown into the garden in November, making sure to keep the soil damp. Keep in mind that cilantro can bolt quickly when spring arrives, so consider successive plantings for continuous harvests.
Mint
USDA Zones: 3-10
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Mint is a resilient perennial herb, making it an excellent choice for late-fall planting. It thrives in rich, moist soil and in partial shade, and its vigorous growth often means it can take over garden spaces, so consider planting in containers to help control its spread.
Sage
USDA Zones: 5-8
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 85°F
Sage is a durable herb that can also be planted in November. It prefers well-drained, somewhat sandy soil and can adapt to a range of conditions. Sage develops a stronger flavor when exposed to cooler temperatures, so late fall planting can improve its taste profile.
Rosemary
USDA Zones: 7-10
Temperature Tolerance: 30°F to 85°F
Rosemary can be tricky for colder areas, but it generally thrives in milder winters. If your zone permits, consider planting it in a protected location. It requires full sun and well-drained soil and can add beautiful structure and flavor to dishes once established.
Dill
USDA Zones: 3-11
Temperature Tolerance: 25°F to 85°F
Dill can be sown in November, particularly in USDA zones with mild winters. Ensure the seeds are planted in loose, well-draining soil. Dill tends to germinate quickly but may need protection if temperatures drop dramatically, providing delicious foliage and seeds for culinary uses.
Lemon Balm
USDA Zones: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Lemon balm can be sown in November and will often thrive in cool but not freezing conditions. It’s a perennial herb that enjoys well-drained soil with plenty of sun. Its lemony scent is invigorating, and as a member of the mint family, it can spread quickly, so be mindful of its growth.
Landscape Plants To Plant In November
November is not just about food and herbs; it’s also a great time to consider landscaping plants. Below are ten landscape plants that can be planted during this time, enhancing your garden’s beauty through the colder months.
Trees
USDA Zones: Varies by species
Certain trees can be planted in November, depending on your USDA zone and local climate conditions. For instance, maples are suitable for northern regions, while magnolias can thrive in warmer climates. Newly planted trees benefit from the cooler weather as this encourages root establishment.
Shrubs
USDA Zones: Varies by species
Shrubs are well-suited to late fall planting. Consider evergreens like holly or boxwood, which can maintain structure in winter gardens. When planting, ensure that they are well-watered and planted at the right depth to encourage robust root systems.
Perennials
USDA Zones: 3-10
Many perennials, such as peonies or daylilies, can be planted in November, allowing them to acclimate before the winter sets in. Plant them in well-draining soil with plenty of organic matter to enhance growth in the spring.
Evergreens
USDA Zones: 3-9
Evergreens are excellent additions in November. They maintain their foliage throughout winter and provide year-round structure. Plant them in locations where they will receive ample sunlight and protection from harsh wind.
Ornamental Grasses
USDA Zones: 3-10
Planting ornamental grasses in November can set the stage for beautiful winter textures. They are hardy and resistant to cold, and many species can thrive in poor soil conditions. They provide visual interest even in winter when their plumes catch the frost.
Roses
USDA Zones: 3-9
While some might think of roses as a spring planting task, certain hardy types can be planted in November, particularly in milder climates. Ensure they are well-mulched to protect their roots over the winter months.
Ground Covers
USDA Zones: 3-10
Planting hardy ground covers, such as creeping thyme or ajuga, in November allows them to establish themselves before heavy frosts. They can provide erosion control and create a lush aesthetic, especially as they continue to thrive in moderate winter temperatures.
Bulbs
USDA Zones: 3-9
Planting bulbs during November, from tulips to daffodils, can spring forth vibrant colors the following year. Ensure they are planted at the recommended depth for your species and mulch them to protect from the cold.
Fruit Trees
USDA Zones: Varies by species
Select fruit trees can also be introduced in November. For example, apple or pear trees can endure cooler conditions, especially in well-drained soil that prevents waterlogging. These trees will establish roots before the winter, leading to healthier growth come spring.
Cacti and Succulents
USDA Zones: Varied, primarily 9-11 for outdoor planting
For warmer climates, certain cacti and succulents can be planted in November. They thrive in well-draining soil and require minimal water, making them perfect for xeriscaping or rock gardens. Ensure they are sheltered from extreme cold.
