November in South Africa is a dynamic month. As we transition from the warmer months of spring towards the peak of summer, the gardening opportunities expand significantly. Depending on the various climatic regions — from the semi-arid Karoo to the lush coastal areas of KwaZulu-Natal — different crops and flora thrive.
This guide explores what you can plant in November in South Africa, including vegetables, flowers, herbs, and landscape plants, tailored to different growing zones.
Vegetables To Plant
November is an optimal month to plant a variety of vegetables as the temperatures rise and the risk of frost diminishes. Here are ten vegetables that thrive during this time:
Tomatoes
Tomatoes are a staple in South African gardens, thriving in warm weather. They can be planted from November well into the summer months. Ideally, tomatoes need temperatures ranging from 18°C to 30°C. In regions like the Western Cape, where late frosts can occur, ensure you plant them in a sheltered location once the frost danger has passed. Choose disease-resistant varieties like ‘Celebrity’ or ‘Roma’ for a bountiful harvest.
Cucumbers
Cucumbers flourish in warm temperatures, making November an ideal planting month. Plant them in sandy loam soil with good drainage and plenty of sunlight. They prefer temperatures between 18°C and 24°C. In areas such as Gauteng, where the soil warms up quickly, cucumbers can be sown directly into the ground. Ensure regular watering to prevent bitterness in the fruit.
Beetroot
Beetroot is a versatile root vegetable that can be grown in various soils but prefers well-draining, loamy soil enriched with organic matter. November planting in regions like the Garden Route helps ensure that they’ll mature during the warmest months. Beetroot requires ample moisture, so ensure consistent watering. The ideal temperature for beetroot is between 15°C to 25°C.
Carrots
Carrots, with their ability to grow in diverse conditions, are great for November planting. They thrive in cooler temperatures but can still be planted in warmer regions of South Africa in November. Select a sandy loam for best results, and ensure rows are spaced adequately. The right temperature range for optimal growth is between 15°C and 21°C. Use a seedling blanket if sowing directly in particularly hot areas.
Green Beans
Green beans are perfect for planting in November, needing warm soil temperatures of at least 15°C. They can grow well across different regions but thrive best in areas with full sunlight. Plant them directly in the soil or use seed trays to encourage early growth. Variety matters; dwarf beans mature quickly, while climbing types require supports like trellises.
Lettuce
Lettuce varieties thrive in the milder conditions of November. Ultimately, temperatures between 10°C and 20°C suit them best—but with proper watering and some shade—a diverse range can also handle the rising heat. Most regions in South Africa can plant lettuce in November, ensuring to space them well to promote air circulation and reduce fungal diseases.
Pumpkins
For those with ample space, pumpkins can start being planted in November. Suitable for warmth, pumpkins thrive when temperatures are constantly above 15°C. Regions like Limpopo will benefit from longer growing periods, allowing these vegetables to produce larger fruits. Remember, pumpkins need plenty of water, especially as they begin to fruit.
Spinach
Spinach is a fast-growing leafy green that can handle heat when planted in November. The key is to choose heat-resistant varieties and provide shade in hotter regions. Spinach can be sown directly into well-draining soil and does well with ample moisture. The ideal temperature for spinach growth is approximately 15°C to 23°C.
Peppers
Sweet and hot peppers can be planted in November, benefitting from the warmer weather. They do best in well-draining soil and require temperatures ranging between 18°C and 30°C for optimal growth. Ensure that you choose varieties suited to your local climate, as certain species can be sensitive to excessive humidity.
Sweet Corn
Sweet corn thrives in warm weather, making November an ideal planting time. It requires full sun and should be sown in blocks rather than rows to ensure proper pollination. Corn needs temperatures above 16°C to germinate properly. In cooler regions, consider starting seeds indoors.
Flowers To Plant
November is a colorful month for South African gardens, with the climate ideal for sowing various flowers. Here are ten vibrant options to consider planting in November:
Marigolds
Marigolds thrive in warm weather and are excellent at repelling pests, making them a gardener’s ally. They flourish in full sun and require well-draining soil. These flowers are perfect for borders and flower beds, adding color and vibrancy with blooms available in shades of orange and yellow.
Petunias
Petunias are versatile and resilient, blooming profusely throughout the summer months. Plant them in full sun, where they can soak up the heat. They prefer well-draining soil and can tolerate a variety of conditions, making them suitable for most South African regions. Regular deadheading will encourage continuous flowering.
Zinnias
Zinnias are bright, cheerful flowers that can be sown this month. They prefer full sun and well-draining soil. With a wide array of colors, they add stunning displays to gardens and attract butterflies. Zinnias thrive in warm temperatures, ideally above 18°C, making them a fantastic choice for November planting.
Cosmos
Cosmos flowers are hardy and require minimal maintenance. They thrive in well-draining soil and full sunlight, flourishing in warmer temperatures of 20°C and above. These flowers are perfect for attracting beneficial pollinators to your garden, creating a dynamic ecosystem.
Gaillardia (Blanket Flower)
Gaillardia, also known as blanket flower, thrives in sunny locations and is drought-resistant once established. This makes them highly suitable for the drier regions of South Africa. Plant in well-draining soil and expect vibrant blooms from late spring into summer.
Sunflowers
Sunflowers are iconic summer blooms that can be planted in November. They thrive in full sun and tolerate a variety of soil types, though well-draining is preferable. Growing tall and bright, sunflowers are not only attractive but can also produce seeds for snacking.
Snapdragon
These charming flowers bring height and a delicate beauty to your garden. Snapdragons prefer cooler environments but can be started in pots in November in relatively cooler areas. They thrive in well-drained soil and can tolerate light frosts, making them suitable for many South African climates.
Lobelia
Lobelia is a stunning choice for hanging baskets or borders, providing cascading blooms in rich blues and purples. They prefer partial shade, which makes them a great plant for slightly cooler areas. They thrive in well-draining soil and need consistent moisture.
Fuchsias
Fuchsias command attention with their pendulous blooms, perfect for adding flair to shaded gardens or patios. They prefer cooler temperatures yet thrive when planted properly in nutrient-rich, well-draining soil. Areas of partial shade are ideal for growing these lovely blooms.
Climbing Roses
November marks an excellent time to plant climbing roses, which will add elegance and fragrance to fences and walls. They require a sunny spot with well-drained, fertile soil. With their hardiness and range of colors, they are a staple in any South African garden.
Herbs To Plant
Herbs not only enhance culinary dishes but also provide numerous benefits to the garden. November is an excellent month for herb planting in the South African garden:
Basil
Basil thrives in warm weather and should be planted in November for a flavorful summer harvest. It prefers full sun, with temperatures above 20°C. In regions prone to cooler nights, consider starting basil in pots that can be moved for optimal warmth.
Oregano
Oregano is hardy and drought-resistant but flourishes in warm conditions. Planting in November gives it a good start before the intense heat arrives. It enjoys well-draining soil in full sun, making it a wonderful addition to any herb garden.
Rosemary
Rosemary is a resilient perennial herb that can handle the warmer temperatures of November well. This fragrant herb prefers well-draining, sandy soil and full sun. Prune as needed to maintain shape, and enjoy its culinary uses year-round.
Thyme
Thyme is another herb that flourishes in South African gardens during November. This drought-tolerant herb prefers full sun and well-draining soil. Its compact growth makes it perfect for both herb gardens and pathways.
Mint
Mint can also be planted in November, thriving in moist conditions with partial shade. Planting mint in containers is often recommended, as it can become invasive in the garden. Keep the soil consistently moist and harvest frequently for the best flavor.
Chives
Chives are hardy and can handle a range of climates. They prefer well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade. November planting allows them to establish before the harsh summer heat arrives, providing a delicious addition to salads and dishes.
Cilantro (Coriander)
Cilantro can be sown in November in regions where temperatures remain mild. It prefers cooler conditions but has enough heat tolerance to thrive. Sow directly in the soil and ensure it has plenty of sunlight; it’s great in salads and salsas.
Dill
Dill is easy to grow and can be planted in well-drained soil in a sunny spot. Ideal for warm months, herb enthusiasts should plant it in November for a summer crop. Its feathery leaves add flavor to dishes and companion plants.
Sage
Sage is a hardy and versatile herb that thrives in warm weather. Best suited to well-drained soil and full sun, November planting is ideal for growing this perennial. It’s drought-resistant and beneficial to pollinators as well.
Lemon Balm
Lemon balm can be started in November, preferring well-draining soil and full sun or partial shade. Its delightful aroma enhances herb gardens, and it is known for its calming properties. This perennial herb will thrive long into the summer months.
Landscape Plants To Plant In November
Creating a visually stunning landscape requires careful selection of plants. Based on your region’s conditions, here are ten landscape plants perfect for planting in November.
Bougainvillea
Bougainvillea is a resilient climber, adding vibrant colors to walls and fences throughout summer. Ideal for warm regions, they thrive in full sunlight and tolerate dry soil once established. In coastal areas, they can flourish with marine exposure.
Agapanthus
Agapanthus, known for its stunning blue and white flowers, is a great choice for borders. It enjoys well-drained soil and can handle dry spells once established. Planted in November, they’ll be ready to bloom in full glory with the summer sun.
Plumbago
Plumbago is a hardy plant providing beautiful blue flowers that attract butterflies and birds. It thrives in sunny spots with well-drained soil, making it suitable for many areas. Regular pruning will keep it healthy and encourage denser growth.
Nandina (Heavenly Bamboo)
Nandina adds a unique texture and color to the garden. Hardy and drought-tolerant, it can thrive in full sun or partial shade. The vibrant foliage changes with seasons, adding interest for year-round enjoyment.
Daylilies
These beautiful flowering perennials can be planted in November, thriving in sunny regions. Daylilies are resilient and grow well in various soil conditions. Their adaptability makes them a favorite for many landscape designs, with a wide range of colors.
Red Hot Poker (Kniphofia)
The striking appearance of Kniphofia adds drama to the landscape. It thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, offering vibrant flowers that attract pollinators. November planting allows these perennials to establish before summer shows its heat.
Sages (Salvia)
Sages come in many varieties, but they are celebrated for their velvety flowers and aromatic foliage. Several types can be planted in November, which will bloom beautifully in the summer heat. They prefer well-drained soil in full sunlight.
Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is well-suited to the warmer, drier regions of South Africa. Their succulent form makes them drought-resistant and perfect for water-wise landscaping. They prefer well-draining soil and can thrive in various sunlight conditions.
Lavender
Lavender is not only a stunning addition to any garden but also serves practical purposes—such as attracting pollinators and repelling pests. Given its drought-tolerant nature, it thrives in sunny spots with dry, well-drained soil and can be planted in November.
Canna Lily
Canna lilies are strikingly beautiful, producing sizeable bold blooms that perform well in warm weather. They thrive in sunny locations and can withstand moist soils, making them an excellent choice for adding color to landscape beds.
