As temperatures rise, early May presents a fantastic opportunity for gardeners to start various plants including vegetables, flowers, perennials, bulbs, fruits, herbs, and landscape plants.

Vegetables To Plant

Tomatoes

Tomatoes love sun and heat, making them ideal plants for early May. Start with healthy seedlings, ensuring they have started indoors if you’re in cooler areas. Select disease-resistant varieties like ‘Celebrity’ or ‘Early Girl’ to prevent common tomato diseases. When planting, bury the seedlings deep—up to the first set of true leaves—as this encourages a strong root system. Ensure consistent watering, about 1-2 inches per week, and mulch around the base to conserve moisture. Fertilizing every 4-6 weeks with a tomato-specific fertilizer will promote healthy growth. Be vigilant about pests: aphids and whiteflies can sap your plants’ strength.

Peppers

Planting peppers signifies warm weather; ideal soil temperature should remain above 70°F. Start seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last frost or buy transplants for direct planting. Consider companion planting with basil or tomatoes, as they thrive together. Peppers respond well to regular feedings of nutrient-rich fertilizer every 4-6 weeks. Water thoroughly, allowing the soil to dry somewhat between waterings to prevent root rot. Pest control is important, especially against spider mites and aphids, which can weaken the plant’s vigor.

Cucumbers

Cucumbers grow vigorously and require rich, well-draining soil with good drainage. Plant them in mounds or hills to improve drainage and soil warmth. Provide trellises for vining varieties to save space and promote airflow, reducing fungal issues. Water regularly, especially in dry spells, to prevent bitterness in the fruit. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer once the plants show two sets of true leaves. Keep an eye out for powdery mildew and cucumber beetles, and remove any affected leaves promptly.

Squash

Plant squash in warm soil, preferring temperatures above 70°F. You can start seeds indoors or prepare direct sowing of seeds after the last frost. Squash benefits from plentiful sunlight and fertilization; a balanced fertilizer at planting time encourages strong growth. Water consistently, especially during flowering and fruiting stages. Encourage pollinators by planting squash flowers in open areas. Companion planting with corn may support crop growth. Watch for insect pests like squash borers, and remove rotting fruit to deter pests.

Beans

Beans are easy to grow due to their adaptability and ability to enhance soil quality by fixing nitrogen. Sow directly in well-drained soil with consistently warm temperatures. Bush beans need about 2-3 inches between seeds, while pole beans should have supporting structures. They thrive in full sun and require regular watering during dry spells. Beans are sensitive to frost, so ensure the last frost date has passed before planting. Use mulch to retain moisture and keep weeds at bay. Regularly monitor for pests like aphids and beetles.

Carrots

Carrots prefer sandy, well-tilled soil for good root development. When planting in early May, ensure seeds are sown about ¼ to ½ inch deep, and thin them to avoid overcrowding once seedlings are a few inches tall. They enjoy a steady moisture supply—consider planting them alongside radishes to break the soil for easier emergence. Mulching can help retain soil moisture and suppress weeds. Be patient; it can take 2-3 weeks for seeds to germinate. Carrots can be harvested in succession, offering a range of sizes, but don’t wait too long, as they can become woody.

Beets

Beets thrive in well-drained, nutrient-rich soil. When planting in early May, ensure they are spaced 2-4 inches apart for optimal growth. Be mindful of moisture levels; beets need consistent watering but avoid soggy soil to avoid root rot. Fertilizing with a balanced fertilizer helps their robust growth. Harvest usually occurs around 6-8 weeks after planting. Beets can be enjoyed young or left in the ground longer for larger roots. Consider preserving excess beets through pickling, as they store well.

Radishes

Radishes germinate quickly, often within 5-10 days, making them perfect for early May planting. Direct sow seeds in loose, well-drained soil, and cover them lightly. Water regularly to maintain soil moisture but avoid over-watering, as this can lead to rot. Thin seedlings once they are a few inches tall to prevent overcrowding. Harvest as soon as they reach their desired size for the best flavor; radishes can become pithy if left in the ground too long. Utilize radishes as a trap crop, planting them alongside slower-growing greens.

Lettuce

Lettuce is susceptible to bolting during warmer weather, so choose heat-resistant varieties if planting later in May. Direct sow seeds or transplant young plants into rich soil, providing a lightly shaded area if temperatures rise. Water consistently, keeping soil evenly moist but not soggy. Regular harvesting of outer leaves will encourage continuous growth and prevent bolting. Use row covers to protect young seedlings from pests, such as aphids and slugs. You can also interplant with radishes for effective space management.

Spinach

Spinach can be direct seeded and should be spaced 4-6 inches apart for optimal growth. Preferring cool weather, make sure to provide some shade if temperatures soar later in the season, which can cause bolting. Water regularly while avoiding soaking the leaves. Spinach can also be harvested multiple times; pick the outer leaves and allow the inner leaves to continue growing. Consider re-sowing later in the spring for a second yield. If spinach bolts, the flowers are also edible and attract beneficial insects.

Flowers To Plant

Marigolds

Marigolds bloom brightly and are excellent companions for many vegetable plants; they help deter pests like nematodes and aphids. When planting, ensure they are spaced about 8-12 inches apart in sunny areas. They benefit from well-drained soil, so mulching can help conserve moisture in drought conditions. Remove spent flowers regularly, known as deadheading, to encourage further blooms. Be cautious of damping-off disease in overly wet environments; avoid overwatering and maintain good air circulation. Marigolds can also be grown in pots for patio displays.

Petunias

Petunias are versatile flowers that can thrive in diverse environments, including containers, borders, and hanging baskets. When planting, deadhead regularly to promote continued blooming, and consider mixing varieties for a vibrant display. Regular watering is essential, especially during warm periods, but be careful not to waterlog the soil. Fertilize bi-weekly with a balanced liquid fertilizer to maintain lush growth and blooms. In areas with high humidity, watch for fungal diseases and provide adequate spacing for air circulation.

Zinnias

Zinnias are simple to grow and have a long flowering period. Plant seeds directly in the garden in full sun and well-drained soil. Space them 12-18 inches apart to allow air circulation to prevent mildew. Regularly deadhead your zinnias to promote stronger blooms. Water consistently, particularly in dry spells; they can tolerate drought but perform better with regular moisture. Zinnias attract butterflies and beneficial pollinators, enhancing garden diversity.

Cosmos

Cosmos are forgiving flowers that bloom profusely during summer. When planting in early May, ensure they are spaced adequately because they can become quite tall. Mulch around plants to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. They thrive in poor soil but appreciate some fertilizer early in the season. Cosmos will self-seed if allowed to go to seed, creating a continuous bloom each year without planting. Additionally, they require minimal maintenance once established.

Sunflowers

Plant sunflowers in full sun, ensuring the seeds are sown directly into well-drained soil. Space tall varieties appropriately to prevent bending in the wind. Water regularly, particularly during dry spells, to promote upright growth. Staking can provide extra support if conditions become windy. Sunflowers offer benefits beyond aesthetics, attracting pollinators and providing seeds that birds love in the fall. Harvest seeds in late summer once head backs turn yellow for replanting or eating.

Peonies

Peonies should be planted in sunny spots with well-draining soil, ensuring the crown is at the correct depth (about 1-2 inches below the soil surface). They thrive with minimal maintenance once established. Regularly water during dry periods but avoid wetting the foliage to minimize disease issues. Peonies bloom for an extended period, with some cultures using them as cut flowers for arrangements. Allow spent blooms to form seeds after flowering if you desire.

Snapdragons

Snapdragons can be direct seeded or transplanted, ensuring that they are spaced properly for airflow. They thrive in full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially in hotter climates. Regular deadheading promotes continued blooming, and staking may be necessary for taller varieties. Water consistently to avoid wilting, but avoid getting leaves wet to reduce fungal infection risks.

Cleome

Cleomes are hardy and grow well in bright, sunny environments. Plant them where they can spread; they appreciate room to grow and may reach heights of 4 feet. They are also drought-resistant, making them ideal for low-maintenance gardeners. Monitor the plants for pests during their growth cycle and water only during dry periods to promote deep roots. Consider staggering plantings for a continuous bloom throughout summer.

Scabiosa

Scabiosa prefers well-drained soil and thrives in full sun. Plant these resilient perennials in clusters for a more striking display. Regular deadheading encourages a longer blooming period. They are also excellent for attracting butterflies and beneficial pollinators, enhancing biodiversity in your garden. Water regularly during dry spells, particularly when first established.

Perennial Flowers to Plant

Hostas

Plant hostas in early May in shaded areas, ensuring they have enough moisture. They thrive in rich, well-drained soil, and benefit from mulch to retain soil moisture. Their lush leaves create an excellent textural contrast in the garden, elevating its aesthetics. Watch for slugs, which can be detrimental; employ physical barriers or natural repellents to deter them. Hostas can thrive for years, but you’ll want to divide them every few years for optimal growth.

Daylilies

Daylilies are easy to care for and adaptable to various soil types. They are typically drought-tolerant and can thrive in various sunlight levels, making them versatile garden plants. To promote bushier growth, it’s beneficial to divide them every 3-4 years. Regularly deadhead them to prolong the blooming period. They can be prone to aphids or spider mites; utilize natural pest control methods if problems arise.

Coneflowers

Coneflowers can tolerate drought conditions after establishment and are appreciated for their tough nature. When planting in early May, ensure ample spacing to improve airflow. Regularly deadhead blooms to prevent self-seeding and extend blooming through summer. They are highly attractive to bees and butterflies, enhancing the garden’s ecological balance. Consider incorporating them into mixed flower beds for splendid color and seasonal interest.

Black-Eyed Susans

Plant Black-eyed Susans in full sun for optimum bloom production. They thrive in various soil types and are fairly drought-tolerant once established. Deadheading will encourage repeat blooming, and they can thrive in average soil without extra fertilization. They may spread; control their expansion by dividing them every few years. Be vigilant for pests like aphids, and consider using companion plants to help repel harmful insects.

Sedum

Sedums excel in drier conditions and require minimal upkeep. Plant them in well-draining soil to prevent root rot; they thrive in sunny locations. They are low-maintenance once established, and cutting back in early spring helps encourage new growth. Sedums are beneficial for attracting butterflies and can be grown alongside other drought-tolerant plants for cohesive arrangements. Regularly monitor for mealybugs or aphids, though serious infestations are uncommon.

Peonies

Peonies can live for decades when planted correctly. Ensure they have full sun and well-drained soil, important for healthy root development. Water them consistently but avoid soggy soil to prevent decay. Fertilize in spring with a balanced fertilizer and trimming dead foliage in fall helps maintain appearance and plant health. Peony blooms can serve as exquisite cut flowers, so consider planting with that in mind.

Astilbe

Astilbe loves moisture and thrives in shaded conditions. Provide ample compost-rich soil, and consider regular watering, particularly in hotter climates. To prolong the blooming period, deadhead after flowering and cut back the foliage in late fall to promote new growth. They thrive in clusters and are excellent for shady borders or woodland gardens. Monitor them for pests like spider mites, as they prefer higher humidity.

Veronica

Veronica plants offer versatility and can grow in averages to slightly poor soil conditions. They thrive in full sun and prefer moderate moisture, while proper spacing is essential for preventing wilting. Fertilize spring with a balanced mix, and allow for occasional deadheading to promote more blooms. Regularly monitor them for mildew or pest issues, especially in humid climates, and provide good air circulation.

Phlox

Phlox are highly adaptable plants that thrive in rich soil and sunny conditions. Regular watering, especially during dry spells, is essential for robust blooms. Consider planting them alongside taller plants for effective layering and interest. Make sure to deadhead to encourage blooming and prevent overcrowding. Use mulch for moisture retention and improve soil conditions; they are also attractive to hummingbirds and butterflies.

Lavender

Lavender is beloved not just for its fragrance but also for its resilience in various conditions. When planting in early May, ensure they receive full sun and well-drained soil. Regular pruning will encourage bushier growth and denser blooms. Practical for culinary uses, lavender can deter pests in the garden while remaining drought-tolerant. Be cautious of overwintering conditions, particularly in colder areas, as they may require additional protection during harsh winters.

Bulbs To Plant

Gladiolus

Gladiolus bulbs should be planted after the last frost when the soil warms, providing a stunning vertical element to flower gardens. Space the bulbs about 6-12 inches apart in sunny locations. They benefit from consistent watering, particularly during flowering stage. Fertilizing with a balanced mixture and providing support via stakes or cages during heavy bloom can prevent bending. After flowering, it’s essential to cut the stems to allow the bulbs to gather energy for the next growing season.

Dahlia

For dahlias, select well-draining soil where the bulbs are planted 6-8 inches deep, about 18-24 inches apart. A sunny location maximizes bloom potential. Water first after planting, then regularly monitor for soil moisture without waterlogging the area. Pinch back the main stem to promote bushier growth and more flowers. Monitor regularly for aphids or other pests, and consider staking taller varieties for better support.

Canna Lily

Canna lilies love warmth and should be planted in rich, well-draining soil, spaced properly to allow room for their foliage and blooms. They thrive in full sun and require a good amount of water, particularly during the initial planting phase. Fertilizing every few weeks during the growth cycle promotes larger blooms. Once blooming begins, consider deadheading to prolong the bloom time. These vibrant plants can also spread aggressively, so they may require division as they grow.

Tulips

For early May plantings of pre-chilled tulip bulbs, ensure they receive at least 6 hours of sunlight. Space them about 4-6 inches apart, placing them at a depth of 6-8 inches. To maintain color brilliance, water thoroughly after planting, but avoid wetting foliage. Allow the foliage to die back naturally after blooming to allow the bulbs to rejuvenate for the next year. As a bonus, consider planting tulips with companions like hyacinths for a coordinated spring display.

Hyacinths

Hyacinths prefer well-drained soil and should be planted in a sunny location. Plant pre-chilled bulbs at a depth of about 3-5 inches. Regular watering during dry spells promotes healthy blooms. Once they finish blooming, allow foliage to die back naturally; avoid cutting back leaves until they turn brown, as they contribute nutrients back to the bulb.

Allium

Alliums should be planted in well-drained, sunny spots at a depth of 4-6 inches and spaced 10-12 inches apart to encourage air circulation. Irregular watering can help prevent rot during growth, and fertilizing in spring can promote larger flowers. Allium flowers attract pollinators and can make beautiful cut flowers. After blooming, allow the foliage to die back naturally as it contributes to the bulb’s vigor for the next year.

Lilies

When planting lilies, choose a sunny spot with well-draining soil. Plant the bulbs 6-8 inches deep and about 12-18 inches apart to reduce disease risks. Fertilize during the growing season to encourage blooms, and ensure to water consistently. Deadheading will promote additional blooming, while ensuring the stems are cut back after frost can help support new growth for the following year. Their heights can vary significantly, so consider planting them in mixed beds.

Crocosmia

Crocosmia can thrive in a range of sunlight conditions but benefits from full sun. Plant corms at a depth of around 4 inches, spacing them about 12 inches apart. During the growing season, ensure to keep the soil consistently moist but well-drained. Fertilize in early summer, and deadhead regularly to promote abundant blooms. Crocosmia also attracts various pollinators, making them an excellent choice for eco-friendly gardens.

Freesia

Freesias should be planted in rich, well-draining soil at a depth of about 2-3 inches. They thrive in sunny spots with moderate watering while establishing roots. Regular fertilization promotes more blooms during their growing season, and removing spent flowers encourages continued blooming. Keep an eye out for pests and diseases, particularly in humid areas; using proper spacing can help maintain good airflow and reduce the risk.

Begonias

Begonia bulbs should be planted in rich, organic soil with good drainage, around 1-2 inches deep. They thrive well in partially shaded areas while requiring regular watering, particularly in warmer weather. Avoid wetting foliage to prevent disease. Fertilizing monthly during their growing period can enhance flowering. Additionally, deadheading can promote further blooms, providing a prolonged spectacle of color.

Fruits to Plant

Strawberries

For strawberries, it’s essential to choose a sunny spot with good drainage. Plant bare roots or transplants 12-18 inches apart, and mulch around the plants to help with moisture retention and weed suppression. They appreciate consistent watering but avoid soaking. Fertilization in early spring can encourage growth and fruiting, while removal of any runners will help focus energy on producing fruit. Regularly monitor for pests such as slugs or spider mites and consider row covers during flowering to deter wildlife damage.

Blueberries

Blueberries are acid-loving plants. When planting, enrich the soil with peat moss or pine bark to lower the pH to around 4.5 to 5.5. Ensure they are located in full sunlight and well-drained soil. Regular watering during dry periods is crucial to fruit development. Consider companion planting with other blueberry varieties for cross-pollination, enhancing yields. Pruning in winter will help maintain shape and productivity.

Raspberries

Plant raspberries in fertile, well-drained soil, ensuring plenty of sunlight. Space canes about 2 feet apart to encourage airflow. These brambles benefit from trellising to improve harvestability and reduce disease risk. Watering consistently during dry conditions promotes fruit quality, feeding them during the growing season will also yield bigger fruits. Consider investing in disease-resistant varieties and keep an eye out for signs of pests like spider mites.

Blackberries

Blackberries thrive in well-drained, rich soil with full sun exposure. Space plants about 3-4 feet apart, supporting them with a trellis. Watering deeply during dry spells is important to avoid stress on the plant, and regular fertilization can aid healthy growth. Prune canes every year in early spring to encourage fruit production and monitor for pests, particularly in humid climates prone to fungal diseases.

Grapes

Grapes thrive in well-drained sandy soils with full sun and require at least 8 hours of sun daily. Plant them with ample spacing for airflow; about 6-10 feet between rows and 2-3 feet apart in the row. Regular pruning promotes better air circulation and exposes clusters to light for increased fruit quality. Offer consistent watering during extreme heat and monitor for diseases like powdery mildew, using selective pruning for better plant health.

Apples

Apple trees require good air circulation to reduce disease risk. Plant at least 2 varieties for effective cross-pollination; space them 15-20 feet apart. Water thoroughly in the first year and monitor for signs of apple scab or pests like aphids and codling moths. Pruning in late winter helps maintain shape. Fertilize organic compost in early spring for robust production.

Peaches

Peach trees require full sun and well-drained soil enriched with organic matter. Planting should be done with enough space (16-20 feet apart) to allow for air circulation. Regular watering promotes fruit quality. As they grow, thinning fruit during the early stages will encourage larger, sweeter peaches. Be mindful of pests like peach tree borers and use effective control measures.

Melons

For melons, choose a sunny spot with warm soil and ensure a depth of about 1-2 inches for planting seeds. Regular watering is essential, particularly during flowering and fruit-setting phases, but avoid excess moisture. Fertilizing at planting and again when plants are fruiting encourages growth. Monitor for pests such as cucumber beetles or aphids, which may affect plants during their growth cycle, and consider using row covers early on to prevent insect issues.

Pears

Plant pears in well-drained soil with full sunlight, spacing them adequately (15-20 feet apart) for good health. They appreciate consistent moisture, so regular watering is necessary, particularly during the growing season. Employing proper pruning methods will ensure healthy growth while minimizing the risk of diseases like fire blight. Consider pest management strategies to maintain healthy trees.

Cherries

Cherry trees prefer full sun and need rich, well-drained soil. Plant at least 15-20 feet apart to allow for airflow, reducing the risk of disease. During the growing season, consistent watering is important, and regular pruning encourages productivity. Keep watch for pests like cherry fruit flies, as netting can help protect fruit from birds during ripening.

Herbs To Plant

Basil

Basil flourishes in nutritious soils with ample sunlight. Ensure sufficient spacing between plants (12-18 inches) to allow airflow. Regularly pruning the leaves encourages bushy growth, and consider planting basil as a companion alongside tomatoes, which can enhance flavors in cooking. Monitor closely for pest issues; aphids can be troublesome, so promote beneficial insects to help control their populations.

Cilantro

Cilantro thrives in well-drained soils and full sunlight with moderate watering. Since it can bolt in warm temperatures, consider planting in partial shade or using row covers during the hottest periods. Stagger planting every 2-3 weeks promotes a consistent harvest. Harvest regularly to encourage growth capabilities while avoiding excess plants that can attract pests.

Dill

Dill requires a sunny location with a well-draining soil that remains moderately moist. It’s important to practice crop rotations for pest management and to reduce disease risks. Dill can be susceptible to aphids or fungal issues, so keep a close eye on its growth. Regular harvesting can assist in keeping the plant productive.

Parsley

Parsley enjoys a shady spot with rich, moist soil. When planting in early May, selecting a location with afternoon shade can reduce bolting. Hasten germination through pre-soaking seeds for a few hours before planting or growing them indoors before transplanting. Regularly irrigation and occasional feeding with a balanced fertilizer help maintain lush foliage.

Chives

Chives thrive in well-draining soils and should be planted 12 inches apart in sunny areas. They can tolerate some shade and grow well in pots as well. Regular harvesting helps to maintain robust growth, making them an ideal culinary herb. Ensuring they are watered consistently is essential for health, while deadheading at flowering encourages bushy foliage.

Mint

Mint should ideally be grown in containers to control its invasive nature. Preferable are sunny to partially shaded locations in well-draining soil, regular watering is essential to keep it happy. Prune back vigorous growth regularly to encourage bushiness. Monitor closely for pests and consider using repellents if necessary.

Oregano

Oregano prefers dry, poor soils where it thrives with minimal care. Regular harvesting is vital for flavor, and they should be spaced adequately for good airflow. Keeping soil on the drier side helps prevent rot, with moderate watering during dry spells supporting robust growth.

Thyme

Thyme benefits from a sunny location and well-drained soils, which should not be overly moist. It can be inter-planted with other herbs or vegetables as its aroma repels pests. Regular harvesting encourages denser plants. Pruning back after flowering helps maintain compact growth and vitality.

Rosemary

Rosemary prefers sandy, well-drained soils in full sun. It tolerates minor drought conditions and should be pruned regularly after flowering to encourage bushy growth. Watch out for root rot or fungal issues in overly moist conditions—slightly neglecting watering can aid in maintaining the plant’s health.

Landscape Plants To Plant

Ornamental Grasses

Ornamental grasses can create stunning focal points in any garden. They prefer full sun and well-drained soils. Regularly trimming back old growth in late winter will help promote fresh growth. Group grasses in clusters for a more impactful presence while ensuring adequate space between them to improve airflow and minimize leaf diseases.

Boxwood

Boxwoods are durable and versatile, thriving in various soil types. Regular trimming (at least twice a year) helps maintain their shape and promotes dense growth. They can handle partial shade but flourish best with direct sunlight. Boxwoods can be susceptible to pests, so monitoring for scale and mites is essential.

Hydrangeas

Hydrangeas thrive in nutrient-rich soil with consistent moisture; they benefit significantly from mulch. Depending on the variety, their bloom color may change based on soil pH (specifically blue and pink hydrangeas); consider testing and amending accordingly. Maintenance includes pruning spent blooms to encourage healthier regrowth in subsequent seasons.

Daylilies

Daylilies are adaptable and hardy, capable of tolerating various conditions, although they prefer well-draining soil. Dividing clumps every few years helps prevent overcrowding and promotes better blooms. Daylilies appreciate a generous layer of mulch in the growing season, providing consistent moisture and temperature regulation.

Shasta Daisy

Shasta daisies thrive in full sun and well-draining soils. To create an abundant display, group them together in flower beds or borders. Regularly deadheading will encourage continuous blooms throughout summer. Be mindful of aphids; they can appear during warmer months and easily managed through plant rotation or gentle sprays of water.

Sedum

Sedum thrives in hot, dry conditions and is ideal for rock gardens or border areas. It requires minimal maintenance and can benefit from some watering in prolonged dry periods. Regularly check for aphids and mealybugs if grown with other plants. Consider mixing different species for an attractive display of colors and textures.

Japanese Maple

Japanese maples thrive in well-draining, organic-rich soil and prefer partial shade. Pruning is essential for shape maintenance and to prevent damage from winter winds. Depending on the variety, they may tolerate different amounts of sun, so choose a suitable type for your climate. Protect against pests and diseases routinely with appropriate non-invasive methods.

Rose

Roses require well-drained soils enriched with organic matter. Incorporating mulch can help retain moisture and improve soil conditions. Regular deadheading and maintenance of organic fertilizer will keep roses healthy and promote blooms. Monitor for pests such as aphids and spider mites and take early action to protect your plants.

Butterfly Bush

Butterfly bushes thrive in full sun and are drought-tolerant once established. Prune hard in early spring to encourage bushier growth and flowering. They are known to attract butterflies and other pollinators, offering ecological benefits in the garden. Ensure to watch for overgrowth—trim back if they start to spread aggressively.