As the frost of winter begins to fade away, and the days start to grow longer, early spring becomes a crucial time for gardeners to start planning and planting. Depending on your USDA hardiness zone, the timing and types of plants that you can sow will vary significantly.

This guide will cover various categories of plants—vegetables, flowers, herbs, and landscape plants—that you can plant in early spring according to your region. Based on USDA zones, we’ll detail the right plants for the right time, ensuring your gardening efforts flourish as the season progresses.

Vegetables To Plant In Spring

Early spring is the perfect time to sow cool-season vegetables. These crops thrive in the mild temperatures of spring and can often withstand a light frost. Here are ten vegetable options to consider unique to different zones:

1. Peas

USDA Zone: 3-8
Temperature Tolerance: 25°F to 70°F
Planting Dates: Late March to early April (Zone 3), late March (Zone 5-6), early March to early April (Zone 7-8).

Peas are the quintessential spring vegetable. They require well-drained soil and thrive in cooler weather. Planting peas early ensures that they mature before the hot summer months begin. Ensure that your soil is workable—if it’s too wet, wait until it dries out to avoid compacting it.

2. Spinach

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 75°F
Planting Dates: Early March to mid-April (Zone 3-6), late March to early April (Zone 7-9).

Spinach grows rapidly and provides a nutritious boost to your spring diet. It can handle frosty conditions, making it perfect for early planting. For optimal results, sow seeds in rows spaced about 12 inches apart. Thin seedlings to about 4 inches once they sprout to allow ample space for growth.

3. Lettuce

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 75°F
Planting Dates: Late March (Zone 3), early March to late April (Zone 4-5), late February to early April (Zone 6-9).

Lettuce varieties are plentiful, and almost all can be sown in early spring. Opt for loose-leaf or romaine types for the best early yield. Lettuce prefers cool weather, so it will bolt in high temperatures. Smooth, well-drained soil and consistent moisture will produce crisp, tender leaves.

4. Radishes

USDA Zone: 3-10
Temperature Tolerance: 25°F to 80°F
Planting Dates: Early March to mid-April (Zone 3), end of March to mid-April (Zones 4-9), early February to April (Zone 10).

Radishes are among the fastest-growing crops, making them perfect for early spring planting. They thrive in loose, well-drained soil, and have a shallow root system that can be planted as soon as the ground can be worked. Space seeds about an inch apart in rows to harvest in just a month.

5. Carrots

USDA Zone: 3-10
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 75°F
Planting Dates: Late March (Zone 3), early April (Zone 4-6), mid-March (Zone 7-10).

Carrots love cool soil and are ideal for early spring planting. They take longer to germinate, so patience is key. For best results, ensure the soil is loose and free from rocks. Once the seedlings are up, thin them to provide adequate spacing for the roots to grow without obstruction.

6. Kale

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 75°F
Planting Dates: Early March (Zone 3), late March (Zones 4-7), mid-March to April (Zones 8-9).

Kale has become a staple in health-conscious gardens due to its nutrient density. This hardy green tolerates cold and even improves in flavor after a frost. Sow seeds either directly outdoors or start them indoors and transplant. Kale loves nitrogen-rich soil, so consider incorporating compost.

7. Beets

USDA Zone: 3-10
Temperature Tolerance: 25°F to 80°F
Planting Dates: Late March to early April (Zone 3), early April (Zones 4-7), mid-March to early April (Zones 8-10).

Beets can be sown early and grow well in cooler conditions. They require well-drained soil and consistent moisture. Plant them in rows and keep them watered to produce the sweet, earthy roots that many gardeners cherish.

8. Swiss Chard

USDA Zone: 4-10
Temperature Tolerance: 15°F to 80°F
Planting Dates: Mid-March to early April (Zone 4), late March (Zones 5-7), late March to April (Zones 8-10).

Swiss chard is a resilient leafy green that can tolerate cold temperatures. It can be harvested continuously, so it’s a great choice for spring planting. Its vibrant color also makes it a beautiful addition to the garden. Space the seeds about 12 inches apart for optimal growth.

9. Broccoli

USDA Zone: 3-10
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Planting Dates: Late March (Zone 3), early March to mid-April (Zones 4-6), late February to early April (Zones 7-10).

Broccoli thrives in cool weather and can be started from seeds indoors before being transplanted outdoors. This plant requires fertile soil and consistent watering to achieve robust heads. Freeze them in early summer if temperatures rise too high.

10. Onions

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 90°F
Planting Dates: Late March (Zone 3), late February to early April (Zones 4-6), early March to April (Zones 7-9).

Onions can be planted as sets or seeds and can be sown early, as they thrive in cooler conditions. Choose varieties suited for your zone, and ensure soil is fertile with good drainage to encourage growth.

Flowers To Plant In Spring

Spring flowers can transform your garden from a drab winter landscape into a vibrant oasis. Early spring is an excellent time to plant both annual and perennial flowers that flourish in the cooler temperatures. Here are ten flower options:

1. Pansies

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: 30°F to 70°F
Planting Dates: Early March to mid-April (Zone 3-5), mid-March to early April (Zones 6-9).

Pansies are perfect for spring as they love cooler weather and can bloom even in frost. They come in a variety of colors and are often used in containers and flower beds. Their delicate petals make them a favorite for gardens longing for early color.

2. Snapdragons

USDA Zone: 4-10
Temperature Tolerance: 20°F to 80°F
Planting Dates: Early March to mid-April (Zone 4), late March (Zone 5-6), mid-March to April (Zones 7-10).

Snapdragons can be sown from seed or transplanted as seedlings. They thrive in cool conditions and produce stunningly tall flowers. Plant them in well-drained soil with full sun to ensure vibrant blooms throughout spring.

3. Daffodils

USDA Zone: 3-8
Temperature Tolerance: Cold tolerant (can survive below 20°F)
Planting Dates: Typically planted in fall, but can be planted in early spring if duress sets in.

Although ideally planted in the fall, if you find them at a nursery in early spring, they can still grow. Daffodils bring joy in early spring, often heralding the end of winter.

4. Primrose

USDA Zone: 4-9
Temperature Tolerance: Can withstand light frosts
Planting Dates: Early spring (March) for Zone 4-7, slightly earlier for warmer zones.

Primroses bloom in gorgeous colors and are perfect in shaded areas of the garden. Ensure they have moist, rich soil and are protected from direct midday sun.

5. Sweet Alyssum

USDA Zone: 3-10
Temperature Tolerance: 30°F to around 70°F
Planting Dates: Early March (Zone 3), late March to early April (Zones 4-8).

Sweet Alyssum produces tiny flowers with a delicate fragrance, perfect for borders and containers. They thrive in cooler weather and attract beneficial pollinators no matter the time.

6. Petunias

USDA Zone: 3-10
Temperature Tolerance: Can tolerate mild frosts
Planting Dates: Late March to April (Zones 3-6), early March to April (Zones 7-10).

Petunias are bright-colored annuals that can bring life to your garden. They prefer well-draining, nutrient-rich soil in full sun to perform best. While they can handle light frosts, ensure the chance of severe frost has passed before planting.

7. Columbine

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: Cold tolerant
Planting Dates: Early spring (March), as seeds directly into the ground, for zones 3-7.

Columbines are unique with their intriguing shapes and colors. They thrive in well-drained soil and can flourish in part shade. They will naturalize and return year after year.

8. Marigolds

USDA Zone: 4-11
Temperature Tolerance: Can handle light frosts
Planting Dates: Late March to mid-April (Zones 4-7), late February (Zones 8-11).

Marigolds are wonderful for repelling pests and thriving in early spring. With little care needed, they provide bright color and can handle mixed garden conditions. They can be started indoors for earlier blooms.

9. Dianthus

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: Frost hardy
Planting Dates: Early spring (March), as the soil is workable, for all zones.

Dianthus produces fragrant and colorful blooms ideal for borders and containers. They are drought-tolerant once established, making them easy to grow. They appreciate a sunny location and well-drained soil.

10. Hyacinths

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: Able to survive brief periods of cold
Planting Dates: Typically planted in fall, but late spring planting is possible.

Hyacinths are fragrant and colorful flowers that can also be planted in early spring if you find potted bulbs. Their colorful spikes are a sign of spring and will grace your garden with beautiful blooms.

Herbs To Plant In Spring

Herbs are not only wonderful for cooking but can also add beauty to your garden. Early spring is the ideal time to start an herb garden. Here are ten herbs suitable for planting early in the spring:

1. Basil

USDA Zone: 10-11
Temperature Tolerance: Sensitive; prefers above 50°F
Planting Dates: Late April to May (Zones 10-11) – basil cannot be planted in January or very early spring in cooler zones.

Basil is a favorite among chefs, and it struggles in cooler temperatures. For those in warmer zones, consider planting after the last frost to encourage rapid growth.

2. Chives

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: Frost tolerant
Planting Dates: March to April for all zones.

Chives are a hardy perennial herb that requires little care and can be harvested in their first year. They thrive in well-drained soil and full sun, contributing both flavor and beauty to the garden.

3. Parsley

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: Tolerates mild frost
Planting Dates: Mid-March to April for all zones.

Parsley is a versatile herb that can handle cooler temperatures. It’s best sown directly in the garden, ensuring moist soil to kick-start germination.

4. Cilantro

USDA Zone: 3-11
Temperature Tolerance: Prefers cooler temperatures; can bolt in heat.
Planting Dates: Late March to late April for Zones 3-7, early March- April (Zones 8-11).

Cilantro is best grown in cooler months. Start it in early spring and be aware that higher temperatures can cause it to bolt.

5. Oregano

USDA Zone: 5-10
Temperature Tolerance: Frost tolerant; loves warmth
Planting Dates: Early March to late April depending on the zone.

Oregano is a wonderful perennial herb that thrives in full sun. Although it’s hardy, it grows best once the soil warms. Perfect for Mediterranean dishes, it’s a garden essential.

6. Thyme

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: Tolerates frost
Planting Dates: Mid-March (Zones 3-7), late March-April (Zones 8-9).

Thyme is another perennial herb that can thrive in mildly cool weather. This herb prefers well-drained soil and benefits from being pruned regularly.

7. Sage

USDA Zone: 5-9
Temperature Tolerance: Can withstand cold temperatures but prefers warmth
Planting Dates: Early March (Zones 5-7), mid-March to April (Zone 8-9).

Sage is perfect for roasting vegetables or flavoring meats. As a warm-weather herb, it prefers planting a little later in spring, but it does fine if planted early where there’s no frost risk.

8. Dill

USDA Zone: 3-10
Temperature Tolerance: Can handle frost but prefers mild temps
Planting Dates: April for all zones, though can be planted in late March in mild climates.

Dill is a lovely herb that grows quickly and can also attract beneficial insects to your garden. It is best sown directly outdoors after the danger of frost has passed.

9. Mint

USDA Zone: 3-11
Temperature Tolerance: Frost tolerant
Planting Dates: Early March to April.

Mint spreads easily and thrives in cooler conditions. Ensure it’s planted in a contained area to keep its growth in check. It can also be grown in pots to control its spread.

10. Lemon Balm

USDA Zone: 4-10
Temperature Tolerance: Cold hardy
Planting Dates: Early spring (March) for all zones.

Lemon balm is a fragrant herb that can be used in teas and culinary dishes. It thrives in full sun and is a perennial that comes back year after year.

Landscape Plants To Plant In Spring

The landscaping elements of your garden can be just as fulfilling as edible plants. Early spring is an opportune time to begin adding perennial plants, shrubs, and trees. Here are ten excellent landscape plants to consider planting in early spring:

1. Lilacs

USDA Zone: 3-7
Temperature Tolerance: Frost tolerant
Planting Dates: Early spring (April).

Lilacs are cherished for their fragrant blooms; they thrive in cooler climates. Plant them in well-drained soil in full sun for the best flowering opportunities.

2. Forsythia

USDA Zone: 3-8
Temperature Tolerance: Cold hardy
Planting Dates: Early March to April.

Forsythia heralds the arrival of spring with its bright yellow flowers appearing before the leaves. It grows rapidly in full sun or partial shade and can make an attractive hedge.

3. Dogwood Trees

USDA Zone: 5-9
Temperature Tolerance: Tolerates cold but prefer moderate climates
Planting Dates: Early spring (April).

Dogwood trees showcase beautiful flowers in spring and are excellent for attracting birds to your garden. They thrive in well-drained soil and partial sun conditions.

4. Hydrangeas

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: Cold hardy
Planting Dates: April for cooler zones, March for warmer climates.

Hydrangeas provide spectacular blooms and are perfect for creating colorful borders. They prefer full sunlight and well-drained soil and can be pruned to maintain size.

5. Coneflowers

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: Hardy in colder climates
Planting Dates: April for all zones.

Coneflowers are beautiful perennials renowned for attracting pollinators. These flowers bloom throughout the summer and are drought-resistant once established.

6. Japanese Maple

USDA Zone: 5-9
Temperature Tolerance: Cold hardy
Planting Dates: April (for Zones 5-9).

Japanese Maples are stunning small trees known for their vibrant foliage. They thrive in partial shade and well-drained soil, providing a stunning focal point in the landscape.

7. Boxwood

USDA Zone: 5-9
Temperature Tolerance: Cold tolerant
Planting Dates: March to late April.

Boxwood shrubs are versatile and can be trimmed into various shapes. They thrive in a range of soil types but prefer a well-drained site.

8. Hostas

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: Frost tolerant
Planting Dates: Early April for all zones.

Hostas are prized shade-loving perennials that come in many varieties. Their foliage will emerge beautifully in spring, providing texture and color to shady spots in your landscape.

9. Yews

USDA Zone: 4-7
Temperature Tolerance: Hardy in frost
Planting Dates: March to mid-April.

Yews are evergreen shrubs that add year-round greenery. They thrive in well-drained soil and can handle a range of light conditions, making them a popular landscaping choice.

10. Peonies

USDA Zone: 3-9
Temperature Tolerance: Hardy; thrives in cold climates
Planting Dates: Early spring (March).

Peonies are beloved for their stunning blooms that appear in late spring to early summer. They are drought-resistant and prefer sunny spots with good air circulation.

Conclusion

Planning your garden in early spring can lead to a vibrant display of flowers, herbs, and vegetables, enriching not only your garden but also your culinary experiences. With numerous options to choose from across various USDA hardiness zones, there is something for everyone to plant. By understanding the unique characteristics and tolerances of these plants, you can enrich your outdoor spaces for a successful growing season. These early spring projects invite anticipation for the flourishing blooms and bountiful harvests ahead.