On this page, you’ll find a comprehensive guide detailing what vegetables, flowers, herbs, and landscape plants you can plant in January in Arizona, with each plant explained in depth.

Vegetables to Plant in January

Broccoli

Broccoli is a favorite among home gardeners for its nutritious heads and versatility in cooking. This vegetable thrives in cooler weather, ideally growing best when temperatures range from 60°F to 70°F. In Arizona, particularly in warmer regions like Tucson (Zone 10b), seeds can be sown directly into well-drained soil or transplanted from seedlings in January. Its ability to tolerate light frost makes it a strong candidate for winter planting. Be sure to provide ample sunlight and moisture as it grows to encourage robust head formation.

Spinach

Spinach is another cool-season crop that thrives in January’s cooler temperatures. This leafy green prefers temperatures ranging between 50°F and 75°F, making it a perfect choice for early winter planting in Arizona. Spinach seeds can be directly sown in the garden, and if you live in lower elevations like Phoenix (Zone 9b), you’ll often have success with this crop. Spinach benefits from partial shade as it matures, and it can be harvested as baby greens or allowed to grow full-size for a later harvest.

Carrots

Carrots are root vegetables that are incredibly easy to grow and can thrive in Arizona’s winter. Preferring cooler conditions, they typically do best when temperatures are between 50°F and 75°F. In Phoenix and Tucson, January is an ideal time to sow carrot seeds directly into the ground. They require well-drained soil and benefit from consistent moisture to prevent them from becoming woody or cracking. Once planted, patience is key, as they can take several weeks to germinate.

Lettuce

Lettuce is a staple cool-season crop that tolerates light frosts, making it ideal for January planting in Arizona gardens. When planting lettuce, consider choosing varieties that are heat-tolerant as temperatures begin to increase later in the spring. In this month, lettuce seeds can be sown directly in well-enriched soil for optimal growth, ensuring that they receive at least 6 hours of sunlight each day. Regular watering is essential to keep the soil moist, encouraging lush, crisp heads of lettuce.

Peas

Peas are among the first plants gardeners often sow in spring, but in Arizona, January is an excellent time to get ahead of the season, particularly in southern regions. Peas thrive in cool weather, ideally between 55°F and 70°F, and can tolerate a light frost. Seeds can be sown directly into the soil. Because they are climbers, providing a trellis or support will help them flourish. Peas are not only nutritious but also improve soil fertility as nitrogen-fixers, making them a valuable addition to the garden.

Onions

January presents a prime opportunity for planting onions, whether you’re using sets, bulbs, or seeds. Onions thrive in cooler temperatures, typically between 60°F and 75°F. In southern Arizona, such as in Yuma (Zone 10a), you can plant onion sets directly into the soil to produce larger bulbs by late spring. Ensure that they are planted in full sun with well-draining soil, and keep the moisture consistent. The more daylight they receive, the sweeter they become.

Beets

Beets are resilient root vegetables that can tolerate a range of temperatures but prefer the coolness of winter. Ideally thriving between 40°F and 85°F, beets can be directly sown in January, especially in warmer areas. Like carrots, they require well-draining, loose soil to develop properly without becoming misshapen. They are fast-growing, typically ready for harvest within 50 to 70 days, and can be harvested as baby beets or grown to maturity for more substantial roots.

Swiss Chard

Swiss chard is a nutrient-dense leafy green that can withstand cooler temperatures, thriving in ranges from 50°F to 75°F. Its vibrant varieties add beauty and nutrition to any garden. You can start sowing Swiss chard seeds directly in your garden in January. The plants prefer well-drained soil fortified with organic matter and benefit from regular watering to keep them hydrated. Swiss chard’s leaves can be harvested individually, allowing for a ongoing crop throughout winter and into spring.

Radishes

Radishes are a favorite for their rapid growth; many varieties can be harvested in as little as 30 days after sowing. Preferring cooler temperatures around 60°F to 70°F, radishes can be planted in January for a quick turnaround. They thrive in well-drained soil enriched with organic matter. Radishes require consistent moisture for crisp texture and are suitable for multiple plantings throughout the winter and early spring seasons. Their peppery flavor enhances salads and dishes.

Garlic

Garlic is generally best planted in the fall, but if you missed that window, January may still be suitable for softneck varieties in warmer areas. Garlic can suffer in extreme cold, so ensure you provide frost protection if needed. When planting, choose a sunny location with rich, well-draining soil. Garlic usually takes several months to mature, with harvest typically occurring in late spring to early summer. Growing garlic can yield impressive flavorful yields, adding depth to various cuisines.

Flowers to Plant in January

Pansies

Pansies are cheerful flowers that thrive in cool weather, making them an ideal choice for January. Their ability to handle frost allows them to add vibrant color to gardens and landscapes during the winter months. You can plant pansies in all parts of Arizona in January, either from seeds or transplants. These flowers prefer well-drained, rich soil and benefit from regular watering to keep the soil evenly moist. Pansies bloom beautifully and can be interspersed with other winter-blooming flowers for a stunning display.

Snapdragons

Snapdragons are well-suited for cooler temperatures, flourishing best when daytime temperatures hover between 60°F and 75°F. January is a suitable time for sowing snapdragon seeds indoors or transplanting seedlings outdoors in Arizona. Their tall and colorful spikes create dynamic vertical interest in garden beds. Ensure they are planted in well-draining soil with adequate sunlight, and they will reward you with continuous blooms until the heat of summer arrives.

Larkspur

Larkspur is a hardy flower that can tolerate frost, making it perfect for January planting. This biennial thrives in cool, moist weather and prefers well-drained soil rich in organic material. In Arizona gardens, seeds can be directly sown in January, especially in the northern regions where cooler climates persist. Once established, larkspur produces tall flowering stalks that add height and beauty to floral arrangements and landscapes.

Stock

Stock flowers are known for their delightful fragrance and vibrant colors. They thrive in cooler weather, which makes them excellent for January planting. Gardeners can successfully sow seeds or plant seedlings during this period. In Arizona’s climate, particularly in zones 9 and 10, stock flowers should be given full sun in well-amended soil. Their fast growth and captivating scents will enhance your winter landscape significantly.

Calendula

Calendula, or pot marigold, is a resilient flower that can thrive in cool conditions, making January an ideal time for sowing seeds. Known for their vibrant orange and yellow blooms, calendulas are versatile in the landscape and can be edible as well. Plant calendula seeds in January across Arizona’s regions, where they will flourish in sunny spots with well-draining soils, providing beauty and potentially useful petals for culinary dishes.

Sweet Peas

Sweet peas are cherished for their exquisite fragrance and colorful blooms. They thrive in cool weather, with a sowing window extending into late January in Arizona. Sweet peas can tolerate frosty conditions, making them suitable for early planting in milder southern areas. When planting, select a location with rich, well-draining soil, and be prepared to provide support as the plants grow taller. These tendril-climbing flowers will reward you with abundant blossoms throughout the spring.

Dianthus

Dianthus plants, often called pinks, are popular for their charming blooms and delightful fragrance. They can tolerate cooler temperatures and are suitable for planting in January. You can either sow seeds or plant established seedlings in well-drained soil. By providing adequate water and sunlight, dianthus will flourish and provide colorful blooms that are both fragrant and beneficial for attracting pollinators to the garden.

Primroses

Primroses are often among the first flowers to bloom in spring, and they can withstand cooler temperatures without issue. Planting primrose seedlings or seeds in January offers an early start to a vibrant display of colors. Ensure they are in well-drained, rich soil and provide them with partial shade as they grow. With proper care, primroses can produce delightful blooms that brighten up winter landscapes.

Oxalis

Oxalis, commonly known as wood sorrel, features beautiful clover-like leaves and dainty flowers. This perennial can thrive in partial shade and cooler temperatures, making it suitable for January planting throughout Arizona. It grows well in a well-drained soil mix enriched with organic matter. Oxalis blooms beautifully in spring and summer, providing a cheerful addition to both borders and container gardens.

Herbs to Plant in January

Cilantro

Cilantro is a versatile herb often used in many culinary applications and thrives in cooler temperatures. It prefers to grow in moderate ranges from 50°F to 70°F, making January an ideal time to sow seeds in Arizona. Plant cilantro in well-draining, fertile soil and ensure regular watering to keep it healthy. Planting cilantro in pots can also yield great results if you have limited space, and the seedlings will offer a fresh aroma and flavor to many dishes.

Parsley

Parsley is another herb that thrives in cool weather, making it perfect for planting in January. It can tolerate light frost and prefers temperatures between 50°F and 70°F. You can directly sow parsley seeds or transplant seedlings in fertile, well-drained soil. Regular watering will help parsley to grow strong and lush. As a biennial, it can even survive the winter in mild conditions, providing fresh herb options for your kitchen throughout various seasons.

Chives

Chives, with their mild onion flavor, are hardy and can withstand frost, making them suitable for January planting. They prefer moderate conditions and can flourish in different soil types, as long as they are well-drained. Chives can be sowed directly into the garden or started indoors for an earlier harvest. Plant them in sunny spots for the best growth, and expect a hearty crop in time for spring cooking.

Thyme

Thyme is an aromatic herb that enjoys moderate temperatures and can survive mild freezes. Its strong flavor makes it a staple in many kitchens, and you can plant thyme seeds or transplants in January, particularly in southern Arizona. Thyme prefers well-draining soil and a sunny location. It’s a low-maintenance herb that will thrive with minimal care, and once established, it can be perennial in your garden.

Oregano

While typically a warm-weather herb, oregano can manage mild winters and can be planted in southern Arizona as January temperatures remain relatively mild. When planting, ensure you choose well-drained soil and enough sunlight for optimal growth. Oregano’s robust flavor enhances various dishes, and with its hardy nature, it makes for a great addition to your herb garden.

Sage

Sage is a beloved herb known for its robust flavor and aroma. It thrives in a sunny environment and is tolerant of a range of temperatures. January is an excellent time to plant sage seeds or divide established plants in Arizona, particularly in warmer regions. Make sure it has well-draining soil and occasional watering to help it establish roots.

Basil

Basil, a favorite in many culinary dishes, prefers warm temperatures, so it’s best to get a head start by starting seeds indoors in January. Once the danger of frost has passed, you can transplant your basil seedlings outdoors to enjoy the full flavor of fresh herbs in the growing season. It requires full sunshine, well-draining soil, and consistent watering for optimal growth.

Mint

Mint is a hardy herb that thrives in a variety of climates and prefers moderate temperatures. January is ideal for planting mint in southern Arizona, especially when you can offer it partial shade. Plant cuttings or divisions into rich, well-draining soil and provide adequate moisture. As an invasive plant, it’s best to plant mint in containers or controlled beds to prevent it from overtaking your garden.

Dill

Dill is an herb that can withstand cooler temperatures, making it suitable for January sowing in Arizona. It flourishes in well-draining soil and prefers sunny locations. Dill grows quickly and can be harvested for both its leaves and seeds. Consider direct sowing dill seeds outdoors towards the end of the month for optimal growth and flavor in your dishes.

Fennel

Fennel is a unique herb with a crisp taste that can be grown in various conditions. In southern Arizona, January offers a suitable time for planting fennel seeds, as the mild temperature during this time supports its growth cycle. Fennel enjoys full sun and well-drained soil and can provide flavoring for salads and soups. It also attracts beneficial insects, enhancing your garden’s ecosystem.

Landscape Plants to Plant in January

Bare-Root Roses

January presents an opportune time to plant bare-root roses, as the cooler temperatures allow for better establishment before the growing season kicks in. Bare-root roses should be planted in well-fortified soil that drains well, and ample sunlight is crucial for healthy growth. When handled with care, these roses will flourish, providing beautiful blooms throughout the warmer months and enhancing any garden.

Perennials (like Daylilies)

Perennials are a fantastic choice for January planting as they can provide longevity and beauty to your garden. Daylilies, in particular, are hardy and adapt well across varied climates. Planting dormant perennials in well-drained soil with organic matter will bring forth vibrant blooms year after year. January is an optimal time for these plantings in Arizona as they settle in before the spring growing season begins.

Cacti and Succulents

For those living in warmer areas, January can also be a suitable time for planting cacti and succulents, especially after periods of frost. These low-maintenance plants enjoy well-draining soil and thrive in sunny locations. While planting cacti, ensure that you choose species suited to your specific environment. As drought-tolerant plants, they require little water, making them an attractive option for water-wise gardens.

Agave

Agave plants are known for their durability and stunning architectural forms. January is ideal for planting agave in both warmer desert areas and cooler mountainous regions. They handle dry conditions well, requiring minimal water once established. Ensure they have well-drained soil and plenty of sunlight to thrive. Agave plants come in various species, each offering a unique aesthetic to the landscape.

Junipers

Junipers are hardy evergreen shrubs that add permanence and beauty to any landscape. They thrive in well-drained soils and can tolerate cold temperatures, making January an excellent time for planting. Junipers are adaptable and can tolerate drought conditions, making them an ideal choice for Arizona gardens. Planting them in full sun will yield strong growth and long-term beauty in your outdoor space.

Yucca

Yucca plants are notable for their striking foliage and dramatic flower spikes. They are well-suited for planting in January across all areas of Arizona, including higher elevations. Yucca thrives in well-drained, sandy soils and loves full sunshine. Established yucca plants are incredibly resilient to drought, making them a perfect addition for low-maintenance gardens.

Lavender

Lavender is cherished not only for its beautiful flowers but also for its calming scent and culinary uses. January provides a good timeframe for planting lavender in warmer southern regions. This herb thrives in well-drained soil and sunny spots and is drought-tolerant once established. Its resilience makes it an exceptional choice for adding color and fragrance to your garden.

Pine Trees

Pine trees are adaptable and can thrive in a variety of climates. January is suitable for planting seedlings, particularly in the northern and higher elevation zones of Arizona. Pines prefer well-drained soils and ample sunlight. When selecting pine species for your landscape, consider the mature height and spread, ensuring they will fit well into your intended garden design.

Evergreen Shrubs

Evergreen shrubs are excellent for providing year-round greenery and structure to garden designs. January is a great month to plant these in areas with milder winters, as they can establish roots before the warmer seasons. They thrive across a range of soil types, but ensuring good drainage is critical for their overall health and growth. Plant evergreen shrubs in sunny to partially shaded areas for optimal growth.

Fruit Trees (like Almonds and Citrus)

Planting fruit trees in January, especially deciduous types like almonds and citrus, is ideal in southern Arizona. During this month, tree roots can establish in cooler ground temperatures. Ensure planting in an area with good air drainage and full sun exposure to enhance fruit production. With proper care, these trees will start producing bountiful yields, providing food and shade for years to come.

FAQ

What is the best planting zone for vegetables in Arizona?

Arizona is primarily divided into USDA zones 6-10, with the southern parts experiencing warmer climates. These zones support various vegetables based on elevation, soil quality, and specific climate conditions.

Can I plant tomatoes in January in Arizona?

Tomatoes prefer warmer temperatures and are sensitive to frost, making it inadvisable to plant them in January. It’s best to wait until late spring for planting, once the risk of frost has passed.

Are there any flowers that can be planted in colder parts of Arizona in January?

Yes, many flowers, such as pansies and snapdragons, can be sown in January in colder areas, where they can tolerate frost and thrive during the winter months.

How can I protect my plants from unexpected frost?

To protect your plants from unexpected frost, use frost cloth or plastic sheeting to cover them during cold nights. Remove coverings during the day to allow sunlight to reach them.

Should I start my herbs indoors in January?

Starting herbs indoors, particularly those that prefer warmer conditions, is a solid strategy in January. Once the risk of frost has passed, they can be successfully transplanted into your garden.

What are the key considerations when planting in January?

When planting in January, consider the specific plants suitable for your USDA zone, monitor weather conditions, and be prepared to provide frost protection when necessary.

In summary, January in Arizona serves as a pivotal moment for gardeners eager to cultivate a rich assortment of vegetables, flowers, herbs, and landscape plants. With careful consideration of temperature and planting conditions, you can successfully enhance your garden’s beauty and productivity well into the warmer months.