September is a pivotal month in the gardening calendar for those in the UK. As summer begins to wane, it offers an excellent opportunity to plant a variety of vegetables, flowers, herbs, and landscape plants that can thrive in the cooler temperatures of early autumn. This article will guide you through the best options to consider for planting in September across various UK regions and growing zones.

Vegetables To Plant

Spinach

Spinach is a powerhouse leafy green that thrives in cooler weather. In September, UK gardeners can sow spinach seeds directly into the ground or in containers. It prefers temperatures between 10°C to 15°C, making it an ideal choice for early autumn planting. Spinach germinates quickly, often within 7 to 14 days, and can continue to produce leaves well into winter if protected with horticultural fleece.

Radishes

Radishes are among the fastest-growing vegetables and are perfect for a September sowing. They can germinate in as little as five days and can be harvested within three to four weeks. They prefer full sun and well-drained soil. For a successful crop, consider varieties such as ‘Cherry Belle’ or ‘French Breakfast’ which thrive in temperatures of 10°C to 20°C.

Peas

September is an excellent time to plant overwintering peas, such as the variety ‘Meteor’. These seeds can withstand light frosts and will germinate as soon as the soil warms up in spring. Peas prefer temperatures around 15°C, making September planting favorable. For best results, plant them in a sunny spot with good soil drainage.

Garlic

Garlic is typically planted in late September to early October and requires a cold period for the clove to develop roots. It thrives in milder temperatures, ideally between 5°C to 20°C. Choose a sunny location, and ensure the cloves are planted in well-drained soil for optimal growth. Hardneck varieties are particularly suitable for cooler climates.

Carrots

Fast-growing and versatile, carrots can be sown in September for a late autumn harvest. While they relish the cooler temperatures of this time, it’s essential to protect them from frost. Carrots prefer sandy soil, which allows their roots to grow straight and unimpeded. Select varieties suited for fall sowing, such as ‘Autumn King’.

Kale

Kale’s flavor actually improves after the first frost, making September the perfect time to plant this hardy leafy green. The preferred planting temperature is between 10°C and 15°C, allowing for growth into the winter months. Choose varieties like ‘Winterbor’ or ‘Nero di Toscana’ for a worthwhile harvest. Kale can be planted in soil that drains well, and it appreciates full sun or partial shade.

Lettuce

Lettuce can be sown in September to grow tender, crisp leaves before the winter chill sets in. Varieties such as ‘Little Gem’ or ‘Butterhead’ work well in the UK climate. Lettuce prefers cool temperatures, ideally below 15°C, as higher heat can lead to bolting. Plant in fertile soil with partial shade for the best results.

Turnips

Turnips are another delicious root vegetable to plant in September. They can tolerate light frosts, which can actually enhance their sweetness. Plant seeds in well-drained soil, about half an inch deep, and choose the ‘Golden Ball’ or ‘Purple Top White Globe’ varieties for reliable yields. They grow best in cooler temperatures, typically below 20°C.

Broccoli

Planting broccoli in September allows for a late autumn harvest. It is a cool-season crop that thrives at temperatures around 15°C. For best results, start with young plants rather than seeds. Select varieties such as ‘Calabrese’ and ensure they are spaced adequately to promote good airflow and prevent mildew.

Swiss Chard

Swiss chard is another fantastic leafy vegetable that can thrive well into the colder months. This perennial can be sown directly into the ground in September and can withstand temperatures as low as -5°C, making it a robust choice for UK gardens. The colorful stalks add aesthetic value, and the leaves can be harvested as needed.

Flowers To Plant

Autumn Crocus

The Autumn Crocus, or Crocus nudiflorus, is a stunning flower that flourishes in September. These bulbs can be planted now to ensure blooms during the fall months. They thrive in full sun or partial shade and prefer well-drained soil. Their flowers emerge in late September, providing gorgeous color to the garden.

Asters

Asters are perfect for autumn gardens and can be planted in September for blooms from late summer through early autumn. They appreciate well-drained soil and full sun, and, once established, are relatively low maintenance. Varieties such as ‘Alma Potschke’ are known for their vibrant pink flowers and ability to attract pollinators.

Sedum

Sedum, also known as stonecrop, is a hardy succulent that thrives in the UK’s cooler temperatures. Planting in September encourages healthy flowering in late summer. Sedum varieties like ‘Autumn Joy’ provide vibrant clusters of bloom that hold their color well into fall when other plants are fading.

Hellebores

Hellebores, or Lenten roses, are perennial flowers that can be planted in September, leading to beautiful blooms in early spring. They thrive in partial shade and prefer rich, well-drained soil. With a variety like ‘Double Ellen’, your garden will benefit from color during a time when few other flowers are awake.

Delphiniums

Planting Delphiniums in September allows for a stunning display of tall spires in the subsequent summer. These flowers prefer cooler temperatures and rich soil. Ensure they are planted in a location where they will receive adequate sunlight, and provide support for the tall flower spikes. Varieties like ‘Pacific Giant’ can reach impressive heights for a striking effect.

Anemones

Anemones, especially Japanese varieties, should be sown in September for spring blooms. These delicate flowers thrive in well-drained soil and can handle semi-shade, making them suitable for woodland gardens. Their flowering typically starts in March, offering beauty early in the season.

Primroses

Primroses can be planted in September to ensure strong growth during cooler months. These hardy perennials thrive in partial shade and prefer rich, moist soil. Varieties like ‘Cowslip’ offer a wildflower appeal that’s ideal for naturalized areas in the garden.

Pansies

Pansies are vibrant flowers perfect for filling in gaps in your autumn garden. Plant them in September for a colorful display during the fall months. They thrive in cooler weather, making them ideal for the UK climate. With a diverse range of colors available, they can brighten a drab garden space.

Winter Honeysuckle

Winter honeysuckle is a resilient shrub that can be planted in September. It is known for its sweet-smelling flowers that will bloom in winter. Make sure to plant it in well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade. The blossoms can attract pollinators even during the colder months.

Herbs To Plant

Chives

Chives, a perennial herb, can be sown in September for winter harvests. This herb thrives in cooler temperatures and prefers well-drained soil and full sunlight. Not only are they easy to grow, but they also provide a mild onion flavor to dishes, enhancing salads and soups.

Thyme

Thyme is another herb well-suited for September planting. Its hardiness means it can withstand cooler temperatures down to -10°C. Plant thyme in well-drained soil and ensure it receives plenty of sunlight. This versatile herb is a perfect addition to winter stews, making it a gardener’s favorite.

Parsley

While parsley can be tricky to grow due to its slow germination, September offers a prime opportunity to plant it for spring harvesting. This biennial herb can tolerate light frosts, making it suitable for the season. Choose a sunny location with rich, well-drained soil for the best results.

Sage

Sage is a perennial herb that can be planted in September in the UK. It thrives in well-drained, sandy soil and can handle temperatures down to -5°C. With its aromatic leaves, sage enhances both culinary creations and garden aesthetics with its grey-green foliage.

Oregano

Oregano is another robust herb to plant in September. It enjoys well-drained soil and sunny conditions, thriving in temperatures between 15°C to 25°C. This herb is commonly used in Mediterranean cooking, making it a valuable addition to your garden.

Rosemary

Rosemary is a resilient herb that needs minimal attention. Plant it in September in well-drained soil, where it can flourish in full sun. With its strong aromatic qualities, rosemary can be harvested for culinary uses throughout the winter months.

Mint

Mint can be planted in September as well. It grows prolifically in various conditions but prefers rich soil and semi-shade. Fresh mint leaves are perfect for culinary uses, from desserts to teas, making it a popular choice among gardeners.

Cilantro

Cilantro, also known as coriander, can be sown in September for a late autumn harvest. It flourishes in cool temperatures and can produce leaves into the winter months. Plant seeds in well-prepared soil where they can enjoy full sunlight for optimal growth.

Fennel

Fennel is an aromatic herb that can be planted in September. While typically sown in spring, September sowing can yield good results for a late crop. It thrives in warmer conditions but can handle mild frosts. Ensure it is planted in well-drained soil and receive plenty of sunlight.

Lovage

Lovage, a perennial herb, can be planted now to enhance your garden with its tall stature and celery-like flavor. It prefers moist, well-drained soil and partial shade. Lovage can attract beneficial insects and can be utilized in soups and salads.

Landscape Plants To Plant

Acers

Japanese Acers are stunning ornamental trees that can be planted in September. These trees prefer acidic and well-drained soil and can thrive in shade or partial sun. They add vibrant colors to any garden, especially when their leaves change in the autumn.

Dogwood

Dogwood trees are a fantastic choice for fall planting. They offer year-round visual interest with their unique bark and bright berries. Planting in September allows their roots to establish before winter sets in, creating a robust tree for the following summer.

Hydrangeas

Hydrangeas can be planted in September, allowing ample time for root development before the winter frost. These perennial shrubs prefer well-drained soil and can thrive in varying light conditions. They come in numerous varieties, offering both colorful blooms and striking foliage.

Periwinkle

Periwinkle is a delightful ground cover plant that thrives in shaded areas. Planting in September will give it a head start in establishing robust roots. It produces beautiful blue flowers in the spring, while its glossy leaves provide visual appeal year-round.

Autumn Fern

The Autumn Fern is well-suited to November planting. It offers a lovely display with its foliage that changes color in fall. This fern enjoys well-drained soil and can thrive in partial shade, making it an excellent option for adding texture in shady garden spots.

Ornamental Pears

Ornamental pears are glorious trees that bring charm to a landscape. Planting them in September allows them to establish roots before the winter chill. They prefer well-drained, fertile soil and can reach impressive heights, creating a focal point in any garden.

Lavender

If you’re looking to make a statement in your garden, consider planting lavender in September. It thrives in well-drained soil and full sun. While it requires sunlight and can tolerate drought, its aromatic appeal and vibrant blooms add elegance to any landscape.

Marigolds

Marigolds are vibrant annuals that can also add a pop of color to your landscaping. September is not too late to plant them for continued blooms into autumn. They prefer sunny locations and well-drained soil and can be used in borders, containers, and mixed gardens.